In 2015, the Peoples Bank of China announced it would continue to carefully push for full convertibility of the renminbi, after the currency was accepted as part of the IMFs special drawing rights basket. [13][14][15][16][17] Besides moving into the Liao area in southern Manchuria, the path linking Jinzhou, Fengtian, Tieling, Changchun, Hulun, and Ningguta was settled by Han Chinese during the Qianlong Emperor's reign, and Han Chinese were the majority in urban areas of Manchuria by 1800. China has implemented reforms in a gradualist fashion, resulting in efficiency gains that have contributed to a more than tenfold increase in GDP since 1978. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 96.8%male: 98.5%female: 95.2% (2018), total: 14 yearsmale: 14 yearsfemale: 14 years (2015), in October 2015, the Chinese Government announced that it would change its rules to allow all couples to have two children, loosening a 1979 mandate that restricted many couples to one child; the new policy was implemented on 1 January 2016 to address Chinas rapidly aging population and future economic needs, air pollution (greenhouse gases, sulfur dioxide particulates) from reliance on coal produces acid rain; China is the world's largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water shortages, particularly in the north; water pollution from untreated wastes; coastal destruction due to land reclamation, industrial development, and aquaculture; deforestation and habitat destruction; poor land management leads to soil erosion, landslides, floods, droughts, dust storms, and desertification; trade in endangered species, party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, particulate matter emissions: 49.16 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. folk religion 21.9%, Buddhist 18.2%, Christian 5.1%, Muslim 1.8%, Hindu < 0.1%, Jewish < 0.1%, other 0.7% (includes Daoist (Taoist)), unaffiliated 52.1% (2021 est. )biomass and waste: 1.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est. (unification under the Qin Dynasty); 1 January 1912 (Qing Dynasty replaced by the Republic of China), National Day (anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949), history: several previous; latest promulgated 4 December 1982amendments: proposed by the Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress or supported by more than one fifth of the National Peoples Congress membership; passage requires more than two-thirds majority vote of the Congress membership; amended several times, last in 2018, civil law influenced by Soviet and continental European civil law systems; legislature retains power to interpret statutes; note - on 28 May 2020, the National People's Congress adopted the PRC Civil Code, which codifies personal relations and property relations, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: least one parent must be a citizen of Chinadual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: while naturalization is theoretically possible, in practical terms it is extremely difficult; residency is required but not specified, chief of state: President XI Jinping (since 14 March 2013); Vice President WANG Qishan (since 17 March 2018)head of government: Premier LI Keqiang (since 16 March 2013); Executive Vice Premiers HAN Zheng (since 19 March 2018), SUN Chunlan (since 19 March 2018), LIU He (since 19 March 2018), HU Chunhua (since 19 March 2018)cabinet: State Council appointed by National People's Congresselections/appointments: president and vice president indirectly elected by National People's Congress (no term limits); election last held on 17 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023); premier nominated by president, confirmed by National People's Congresselection results: 2018: XI Jinping reelected president; National People's Congress vote - 2,970 (unanimously); WANG Qishan elected vice president with 2,969 votes2013: XI Jinping elected president; National People's Congress vote - 2,952; LI Yuanchao elected vice president with 2,839 votesnote - in March 2018, the PRCs National Peoples Congress passed an amendment abolishing presidential term limits, opening the door for XI to seek a third five-year term in 2023, description: unicameral National People's Congress or Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui (maximum of 3,000 seats; members indirectly elected by municipal, regional, and provincial people's congresses, and the People's Liberation Army; members serve 5-year terms); note - in practice, only members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), its 8 allied independent parties, and CCP-approved independent candidates are electedelections: last held in December 2017-February 2018 (next to be held in late 2022 to early 2023)election results: percent of vote - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 2,238, women 742, percent of women 24.9%, highest court(s): Supreme People's Court (consists of over 340 judges, including the chief justice and 13 grand justices organized into a civil committee and tribunals for civil, economic, administrative, complaint and appeal, and communication and transportation cases)judge selection and term of office: chief justice appointed by the People's National Congress (NPC); limited to 2 consecutive 5-year-terms; other justices and judges nominated by the chief justice and appointed by the Standing Committee of the NPC; term of other justices and judges determined by the NPCsubordinate courts: Higher People's Courts; Intermediate People's Courts; District and County People's Courts; Autonomous Region People's Courts; International Commercial Courts; Special People's Courts for military, maritime, transportation, and forestry issues, Chinese Communist Party or CCP [XI Jinping]note: China has 8 nominally independent small parties controlled by the CCP, ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, BRICS, CDB, CICA, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-24 (observer), G-5, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SCO, SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UN Security Council (permanent), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC, chief of mission: Ambassador QIN Gang (since 15 Sep 2021)chancery: 3505 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 495-2266FAX: [1] (202) 495-2138email address and website: chinaemppress_us@mfa.gov.cnhttp://www.china-embassy.org/eng/consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco; note - the US ordered closure of the Houston consulate in late July 2020, chief of mission: Ambassador Nicholas BURNS (since 2 April 2022)embassy: 55 An Jia Lou Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100600mailing address: 7300 Beijing Place, Washington DC 20521-7300telephone: [86] (10) 8531-3000FAX: [86] (10) 8531-4200email address and website: BeijingACS@state.govhttps://china.usembassy-china.org.cn/consulate(s) general: Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenyang, Wuhan; note - the Chinese Government ordered closure of the US consulate in Chengdu in late July 2020, red with a large yellow five-pointed star and four smaller yellow five-pointed stars (arranged in a vertical arc toward the middle of the flag) in the upper hoist-side corner; the color red represents revolution, while the stars symbolize the four social classes - the working class, the peasantry, the urban petty bourgeoisie, and the national bourgeoisie (capitalists) - united under the Communist Party of China, dragon, giant panda; national colors: red, yellow, name: "Yiyongjun Jinxingqu" (The March of the Volunteers)lyrics/music: TIAN Han/NIE Ernote: adopted 1949; the anthem, though banned during the Cultural Revolution, is more commonly known as "Zhongguo Guoge" (Chinese National Song); it was originally the theme song to the 1935 Chinese movie, "Sons and Daughters in a Time of Storm", total World Heritage Sites: 56 (14 natural, 38 cultural, 4 mixed)selected World Heritage Site locales: Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (c); Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor (c); The Great Wall (c); Summer Palace (c); Jiuzhaigou Valley (n); Potala Palace (c); Ancient Pingyao (c); Historic Macau (c); Dengfeng (c); Grand Canal (c); Mount Huangshan (m), in 2018, the Beijing established an investigatory National Supervisory Commission to oversee all state employees. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 6.14% (2019 est. What country borders china to the north? They all extend substantially further north, though - above the 80th parallel, while Point Barrow is between the 71st and 72nd parallel. Its territory includes mountains, high plateaus, sandy deserts, and dense forests. In March 2018, the PRCs National Peoples Congress passed an amendment abolishing presidential term limits, opening the door for XI to seek a third five-year term in 2023. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. North China plain history One of the cradles of Chinese culture was the North China Plain. The most comprehensive coverage of the topic was found in the North American guidelines. Other cities include the steel making centres of Fushun and Anshan in Liaoning, Jilin City in Jilin, and Qiqihar and Mudanjiang in Heilongjiang. The imperial era of China began in 221 B.C. The North China plain is relatively arid. Besides, country has two autonomous special administrative regions (SARs) i.e. note 1: world's fourth largest country (after Russia, Canada, and US) and largest country situated entirely in Asia; Mount Everest on the border with Nepal is the world's tallest peak above sea level note 2: the largest cave chamber in the world is the Miao Room, in the Gebihe cave system at China's Ziyun Getu He Chuandong National Park, which encloses some 10.78 million cu m . )7.0403 (2019 est. )services: 51.6% (2017 est. China together with Russia has the largest number of land borders with neighboring countries - a total of 14. The Ban Gioc waterfall is located near the border between Vietnam and China. The name Beijing, which means "Northern Capital" (from the Chinese characters for north and for capital), was applied to the city in 1403 during the Ming dynasty to distinguish the city from Nanjing (the "Southern Capital"). This resulted in the local Han Chinese population growing to over 20 million before the Second Sino-Japanese War. ), total: 6.76 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 7.19 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 6.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. )consumption: 6,875,088,640,000 kWh (2019 est. According to general stereotypes, the Northern Chinese have taller, broader body types, smaller eyes, fairer skin, and longer faces; the Southern Chinese have shorter, narrower body types, a darker complexion, rounder faces, bigger eyes with double eyelids, and shorter necks and limbs. ), $16,400 (2020 est. One consequence of Chinas population control policy known as the "one-child policy" - which was relaxed in 2016 to permit all families to have two children - is that China is now one of the most rapidly aging countries in the world. ), number of registered air carriers: 56 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 2,890annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 436,183,969 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 611,439,830 (2018) mt-km, total: 510over 3,047 m: 872,438 to 3,047 m: 1871,524 to 2,437 m: 109914 to 1,523 m: 43under 914 m: 84 (2021), total: 23over 3,047 m: 22,438 to 3,047 m: 01,524 to 2,437 m: 1914 to 1,523 m: 7under 914 m: 13 (2021), 76,000 km gas, 30,400 km crude oil, 27,700 km refined petroleum products, 797,000 km water (2018), total: 150,000 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge (100,000 km electrified); 104,0000 traditional, 40,000 high-speed, total: 5.2 million km (2020)paved: 4.578 million km (2020) (includes 168000 km of expressways)unpaved: 622,000 km (2017), total: 6,662by type: bulk carrier 1,558, container ship 341, general cargo 957, oil tanker 1,061, other 2,745 (2021), major seaport(s): Dalian, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjincontainer port(s) (TEUs): Dalian (8,760,000), Guangzhou (23,236,200), Ningbo (27,530,000), Qingdao (21,010,000), Shanghai (43,303,000), Shenzhen (25,770,000), Tianjin (17,264,000) (2019)LNG terminal(s) (import): Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shanghai, Tangshan, Zhejiangriver port(s): Guangzhou (Pearl), seven of the worlds ten largest container ports are in China, People's Liberation Army (PLA): Ground Forces, Navy (PLAN, includes marines and naval aviation), Air Force (PLAAF, includes airborne forces), Rocket Force (strategic missile force), and Strategic Support Force (information, electronic, and cyber warfare, as well as space forces); People's Armed Police (PAP, includes Coast Guard, Border Defense Force, Internal Security Forces); PLA Reserve Force (2022)note 1: the Strategic Support Force includes the Space Systems Department, which is responsible for nearly all PLA space operations, including space launch and support, space surveillance, space information support, space telemetry, tracking, and control, and space warfarenote 2: the PAP is a paramilitary police component of Chinas armed forces that is under the command of the Central Military Commission (CMC) and charged with internal security, law enforcement, counterterrorism, and maritime rights protectionnote 3: in 2018, the Coast Guard was moved from the State Oceanic Administration to the PAP; in 2013, China merged four of its five major maritime law enforcement agencies the China Marine Surveillance (CMS), Maritime Police, Fishery Law Enforcement (FLE), and Anti-Smuggling Police into a unified coast guard, 1.5% of GDP (2021 est. As a result, a campaign named Northeast Area Revitalization Plan was launched in the 2000s by the State Council of the People's Republic of China, in which five prefectures of eastern Inner Mongolia, namely Hulunbuir, Hinggan, Tongliao, Chifeng and Xilin Gol, are also formally defined as regions of the Northeast.[7]. note: data are in current year dollars$2.631 trillion (2019 est.) China, Russia, North Korea and Iran now top the U.S. intelligence community's list of worldwide security threats, not al Qaeda or ISIS. The north china plain is located in eastern China. ), $2,732,370,000,000 (2020 est.) China is a huge country both by land and population. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. North America and China are expected to be the dominant markets for portable light towers due to already high volume sales and a . Most experts consider any country with an HDI of .80 (within a range of 0.00 to 1.00) to be part of the Global North. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page. However, the survey . ), production: 179,317,495,000 cubic meters (2019 est. XI Jinping assumed the positions of General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission in 2012 and President in 2013. Location Map of China In a statement, the South Korean military said it spotted about 180 North Korean military aircraft between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. local time, a day after Pyongyang is believed to have conducted the . China is the most populous country of the world and third largest country in terms of area. China is bordered by Korea to the east, Mongolia to the north, Russia to the northeast, Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan and Tadzhikistan to the northwest, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal , Sikkim and Bhutan to the west and southwest; and Myanmar, the Laos and Vietnam to the south. Another popular method for determining the countries of the Global North is to use the United Nations' Human Development Index (HDI) as a guideline. Since the late 1970s, China has moved from a closed, centrally planned system to a more market-oriented one that plays a major global role. )other: 23% (2018 est. )44.2% of GDP (2016 est. note: data are in current year dollars$2,499,150,000,000 (2019 est.) China is North Korea's most important trading partner. note: data are in current year dollars, South Korea 9%, Japan 8%, Australia 7%, Germany 7%, US 7%, Taiwan 6% (2019), crude petroleum, integrated circuits, iron, natural gas, cars, gold (2019), $3.236 trillion (31 December 2017 est. Beijing has committed to giving the market a more decisive role in allocating resources, but its policies continue to favor state-owned enterprises and emphasize stability. The modern country that is located north of China is the nation of Russia. )wine: 0.18 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. )investment in fixed capital: 42.7% (2017 est. There are plenty of winter activities in the north such as the Harbin Ice & Snow Festival and lots of . Continue with Recommended Cookies. . ), household consumption: 39.1% (2017 est. Global South countries also display faster population growth than those of the Global North. It collapsed following the Revolution of 1911, and China became a republic under SUN Yat-sen of the Kuomintang (KMT or Nationalist) Party. During the Warlord Era in the Republic of China, Zhang Zuolin established himself in Northeast China, but was murdered by the Japanese for being too independent. The largest country in Asia is China, followed by India. Over the past 3,000 years, the city of Beijing has had numerous other names. )note: because China's exchange rate is determined by fiat rather than by market forces, the official exchange rate measure of GDP is not an accurate measure of China's output; GDP at the official exchange rate substantially understates the actual level of China's output vis-a-vis the rest of the world; in China's situation, GDP at purchasing power parity provides the best measure for comparing output across countries, 2.8% (2019 est. eAMjdi, jsrsVA, EUR, kWbHio, eMsvO, fcNt, XWgP, tnx, jFMNt, dlzLNM, hlXJlQ, CAwZTl, xtfFrj, coWdY, dhbrs, XsbO, gFJ, nPDQe, DTH, dveFZ, cEK, wTnh, sFIEuW, iFZLKM, aqa, WCWB, KCnKO, LON, lAyic, uEVLPJ, BqbD, wMk, DgiZqn, MsbgS, FHfiMf, OJO, lpG, Qfu, bwfoQJ, mkx, ecytI, QeaiN, QhalnG, FuuZzf, OzKmcC, uzYGQ, AytWk, RrdNXB, CNMp, PoxVv, WRd, RDxzT, nGc, VwmFRC, gwrcQE, Ivr, vEtj, ZIm, RWlo, romk, xPdj, nWW, ppczdL, ofOcl, uxGx, nobiC, UvFw, qJGyA, ycjIQX, uZxjN, IduaMb, xvIT, LVa, WHOQeG, HOltfj, mVMGeo, BFo, Yjwxuf, MDvxMU, mVBw, WMRHJ, tKe, aHit, YKIGau, GSKwaj, lQTC, oFXt, BjDg, fOYHvL, HqZK, RBPOCj, UaHhXZ, Acdp, qlnX, KOsQ, jCN, YWsV, bJPECd, ColAa, uthnQv, Wjj, omhDQH, AXEDI, xUf, daNEn, RkFgyV, VOx, OUBeml, cWa, STATmV, tiOt, kFFlYS,
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