Pressing for more help coping with climate impacts, small island and least developed countries won the launch of a process to consider establishment of a new mechanism to address loss and damage from extreme weather and from slow onset impacts such as sea level rise. The perennial issue of finance for developing countries surfaced on multiple fronts in Doha. Access to Kyoto flexible mechanisms Developed countries not participating in the second commitment period will not be eligible to purchase or transfer Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) credits or to engage in emissions trading. They argued that, in the absence of stronger mitigation commitments and adaptation finance, they face rising and unavoidable risks and some means of recompense is becoming essential. The EU will apply the amendment from 1 January 2013 even though formal ratification by the European institutions and Member States is likely to take over a year. Among other things, the COP: On two other lingering issues of deep concern to the United States: the COPs decisions make no reference at all to intellectual property rights, the preferred U.S. outcome; and the U.S. formally noted its objection to an explicit reference to unilateral measures (i.e., trade measures) as an issue of concern within an ongoing forum examining the economic and social consequences of parties mitigation efforts. The Doha Climate Gateway At the 2012 UN Climate Change Conference in Doha, Qatar ( COP18/ CMP8 ), governments consolidated the gains of the last three years of international climate change negotiations and opened a gateway to necessary greater ambition and action on all levels. This underscores the need for the future climate regime to involve action by all countries. [UNFCCC website]. Certain eastern and central European countries have large surpluses because their emissions dropped sharply as a result of the post-Communist economic collapse and restructuring. African countries thus left Doha with little more than they already had. As the Doha amendment only includes targets up until 2020, the search has been on for a new international agreement to succeed it. The goal of December's climate conference in Paris is to agree the final text and then to implement it from 2020. The Amendment sets a goal of reducing GHG emissions by 18% compared to 1990 levels for participating countries. The Amendment sets a goal of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 18% compared to 1990 levels for participating countries. The Durban Platform calls for a post-2020 agreement under the Convention taking the form of a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force and applicable to all Parties. It does not directly invoke the core UNFCCC principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities the United States would agree to that only if the Durban Platform also noted that countries circumstances had evolved since the UNFCCCs launch, a condition that developing countries would not accept. The reduction commitment will be fulfilled jointly by the EU and its Member States, Croatia and Iceland. Climate Change: Road To Doha The Durban CCC decided to complete the works of the AWG-LCA and AWG-KP in 2013 (Doha) and launch a process to develop a protocol, another legal instrument and/or an agreed outcome with legal force under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change applicable to all Parties and complete ADP works no later than 2015 and implement it by 2020. Developing countries pressed in particular on the United States, hoping for stronger commitments in the wake of President Obamas reelection and Hurricane Sandy. By both delivering on the promise of a Kyoto amendment and ending the parallel Bali track, Doha initiates a new phase in which all the major issues will be negotiated within a single track called the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action. She noted that it represents political commitment to pre-2020 action, which, she said, is necessary to build trust ahead of the 2021 UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow, UK. We came to Doha keen to hear concrete proposals from developing countries for addressing loss and damage associated with the impacts of climate change, and we welcome the agreement here to establish institutional arrangements for this issue next year.". 3 mins read. In the run-up to Doha, Australia announced that it would join and New Zealand that it would not. At COP17 nations set specific targets for their meeting at COP18 in Doha this year. The Doha Amendments entry into force, a UNFCCC press release notes, is critical for the rigorous and successful implementation of the second commitment period. Its entry into force also means that accounting of the Kyoto Protocols second phase can go ahead as anticipated and that the Kyoto Protocols compliance committee can fully fulfill its legal functions.. The following year in Durban, parties took additional steps to implement the Cancn Agreements, including establishing the Green Climate Fund and procedures for the reporting, measurement and verification (MRV) of countries actions. That failure increases the risk of a rise in average global temperatures by 2 degrees Celsius by the end of this century.The Emissions Gap Report 2012 of the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) stresses that if the world does not accelerate action on climate change, total greenhouse gas emissions could rise to 58 gigatonnes by 2020 (compared to 40 gigatonnes in 2000), far above the level scientists say would likely keep temperature rises below 2C. For the sake of environmental integrity, many parties insisted on limiting the amount of excess AAUs that parties could carry over from the first to second commitment periods. Direct access to language menu (press "Enter"), Direct access to search menu (press "Enter"), Climate change agreement: from Kyoto to Doha and beyond, Global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion and from industrial processes (cement and metal production). Both are to begin in 2013 and end in 2014. The climate talks in Durban have moved the climate agenda forward with the Durban Platform. 1990-2022, IISD. Doha, Qatar In a package of decisions dubbed the Doha Climate Gateway, parties to the U.N. ", Sofoclis Aletraris, Cypriot Minister for Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, whose country currently holds the presidency of the Council of the European Union, added: "This package of decisions provides a solid basis for increasing the ambition level of global emissions action by 2015. It is known as the mini version of Dubai due to its futuristic architecture. December's climate change conference in Paris aims to come up with an international agreement to help limit global warming after 2020, but it is far from the first one. This, according to the UNFCCC, represents an increase from an average reduction of 5% compared to 1990 levels during the Kyoto Protocols first commitment period from 2008-2012. In a series of incremental steps, the COP: In other decisions, parties took further steps to operationalize new institutions established in Durban, notably: The Durban Platform talks, aiming for a new global agreement in 2015, present an opportunity to assess and strengthen the international climate change effort. Source: Joint Research Centre. The workplan sets out a schedule of events and suggests themes to be addressed under both workstreams. More than a decade on, in December 2012, Doha hosted the international climate talks for parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1992 and the Kyoto Protocol 1997 . The Amendments entry into force is critical for the rigorous and successful implementation of the second commitment period. In a package of decisions dubbed the Doha Climate Gateway, parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) brought to a close two long-standing negotiating tracks and advanced a new, unified track aiming for a comprehensive legal agreement in 2015. This introduced a "second commitment" period from 2013 to 2020 with new emission commitments that were at least equally ambitious as those under the first period. U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon announced his intentions to convene world leaders in 2014 to help advance the Durban Platform talks, and France has offered to host COP 21 in 2015, when the Durban Platform talks are to conclude. Throughout the conference, they pushed strongly on multiple fronts for countries to strengthen their existing emission pledges, and for developed countries to strengthen their finance commitments despite strong indications coming into Doha that neither would be forthcoming. Established a new work program under the Subsidiary Body on Scientific and Technology Advice (SBSTA) to continue clarifying developed countries 2020 emission targets, and a second work program under the Subsidiary Body on Implementation (SBI) to further understand the diversity of developing countries nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs). All regions of the world would suffer, but the poor will suffer the most, seriously setting back the prospects for sustainable development in Africa. Thousands of government representatives, international organizations and civil society members have gathered in the Qatari capital of Doha for the United Nations Climate Change Conference, which kicked off today with a call to build on and implement previously agreed decisions to curb global carbon emissions by the year 2020. The conference's most significant achievement Richard Munang is a policy and programme coordinator for the Africa Climate Change Adaptation Programme of the UN Environment Programme and Zhen Han is an environmental policy graduate fellow of the Council of World Women Leaders at Cornell University in the US. Dohas modest outcomes did not come easily. With so many tracks being negotiated simultaneously, the talks were procedurally more complex than ever. Climate change agreement: from Kyoto to Doha and beyond. The Executive Secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Christiana Figueres, called on countries to swiftly implement what has been agreed in Doha so that the world can stay below the internationally agreed maximum two degrees Celsius temperature rise. The Doha Amendment established a second emission reduction commitment period for 37 countries that runs from 2013 to 2020. But climate change will not wait for the adoption of binding international climate change agreements. Angola submitted its instrument of acceptance on 22 September 2020; Bolivia on 17 September 2020; Egypt on 3 February 2020; El Salvador on 18 September 2019; Georgia on 16 June 2020; Ghana on 24 September 2020; Guatemala on 15 October 2019; Jamaica on 1 October 2020; Jordan on 3 January 2020; Nigeria on 2 October 2020; Niue on 10 December 2019; North Macedonia on 18 October 2019; Senegal on 27 May 2020; Sierra Leone on 15 June 2020; and Zambia on 22 August 2019. The resulting compromise calls for the establishment at COP 19 of institutional arrangements, such as an international mechanism, to address loss and damage in particularly vulnerable developing countries. Check our infochart above to see how global CO2 emissions have evolved over time. Doha initiated a new phase in which all the major issues would be negotiated in a single track aiming for a new agreement with legal force applicable to all starting in 2020. The Doha Amendment, which establishes the Kyoto Protocol's 2013-2020 second commitment period, has received the required number of ratifications to enter into force. And it demonstrates political commitment towards pre-2020 action which is important to build trust ahead of the UN Climate Change Conference COP26 in Glasgow next year," said UN Climate Change Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa. Financing for the formulation and implementation of national adaptation plans for all particularly vulnerable countries, not just the small-island developing states and least developed countries, as previously. Watch it live on our website. 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