Rather than a small dinosaur that relied on gimmicks such as venom and a neck frill to subdue its prey, Dilophosaurus was a powerful predator and one of the largest land animals in North America when it lived during the early Jurassic period, which lasted from about 201 to 174 million years ago. The pint-sized dinosaurs in Jurassic Park were a great deal smaller than the real deal. So, yes, Dilophosaurus is in the movies. Ironically, it was also one of the few dinosaurs in "Jurassic Park" that lived in the actual Jurassic period. The novel . He tries to get him to leave by throwing a. Scientists have drawn a much more accurate picture of what the Dilophosaurus was like, and it's a far cry from its depiction in Jurassic Park. The best new toys of 2022, including educational toys, .For those who spent way too much time watching Jurassic Park, . The Dilophosaurus is a medium sized theropod from the Jurassic period. With the Jurassic Park film franchise set to release its sixth installment in 2022, we look forward to seeing how paleontology is represented. Exhausted, we toiled over shovels and dug with our bare hands to clear away the sand. The ones that stick in your mind are probably the mighty T. rex and of course the nefarious velociraptors, but the Dilophosaurus takes center stage for one of the more memorable death scenes in the film, dispatching the sleazy Dennis Nedry with a blast of venom and a visit to the passenger seat. The onscreen Velociraptor are way too big and there's no reason to think T. rex couldn't see objects unless they were moving. kepyle2055. Winsor McCay's 1914 Gertie the Dinosaur opens with the animator and a group of friends visiting the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, looking at the skeleton of a sauropod dinosaur. But now we know they are poisonous.". Dilophosaurus, Cryolophosaurus, and related crested dinosaurs from China and Argentina all appear in the early Jurassic, representing a sudden increase in body size across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, thought to coincide with the disappearance of large crocodile-line [predators], Makovicky says. The team that reconstructed the dinosaur for display used plaster versions of bones to fill in for missing fossils. Inspiration for the frill, meanwhile, came from the modern-day frilled agamid lizard that lives in Australia and New Guinea. Dilophosaurus became known as the poison spitting dinosaur after its depiction in Jurassic Park, even though it was a trait added for creativity. Most of the dinosaurs of the Late Triassic of western North America, just 20 million years earlier, were animals the size of turkeys or eagles, but Dilophosaurus would have towered over a human, standing up to eight feet tall and measuring up to 25 feet long when fully grown. After "Jurassic Park" hit theaters in '93, he didn't shy away from pointing out the Dilophosaurus-related inaccuracies. On July 7, 2020, the Journal of Paleontology published a study that reevaluated five specimens of Dilophosaurus. The movie increased its cinematic tension when. Fast moving and able to spit venom the Dilophosaurus or 'Spitter' is thought to have hunted in packs. Austin dig sitethe plant-eating Sarahsaurusfeatures bite marks, attesting to the presence of a large meat-eating animal with jaws strong enough to puncture bone. It had much longer and stronger arms than other larger meat-eating dinosaurs such as Allosaurus and Ceratosaurus, and its legs were relatively longer as well. The real Dilophosaurus was much larger, their snouts were more tapered, their head crests sat lower, and they potentially had some feathering. This article was originally published with the title "The Real Dilophosaurus" in Scientific American 324, 1, 46-53 (January 2021). It's unclear what the top of each crest looked like; scientists don't have any complete specimens to go on. By now, if you've been reading our dinosaur articles, you're probably fed up with the gripes about 1993's "Jurassic Park." The crests were almost certainly covered by keratin, the same material that forms horns, claws and hair, and may have played a role in helping members of this species identify one another or attract mates. We guide our loyal readers to some of the best products, latest trends, and most engaging stories with non-stop coverage, available across all major news platforms. Teams of specially trained conservators, archivists and collection managers carefully document and preserve the specimens, with the goal of making the collections accessible to researchers in perpetuity. Box 1910, Window Rock, Arizona 86515, and telephone no. Todays Birds Likely Evolved from Ground-Dwelling Feathered Dinosaurs, Discovery of Horse-sized Dinosaur Sheds Light on T. Rex Evolution, Mark Stevenson/Stocktrek Images/Getty Images, Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security. Aside from velociraptors naming and dilophosaurus' frill everything had some basis in reality down to the . The real-life Dilophosaurus was unable to shoot venom and did not have neck frills. McCay bets his party that he can bring the animal to life; the result is the first dinosaur to appear on film. This allowed the animals to attain greater sizes without being crippled by their own weight, becoming North Americas first large meat-eating dinosaurs. My Words, Your Message. Immediately after I took the photo it looks blurry than after those very short moments the photo is sharp but it seems like some . In most meat-eating dinosaurs, a ridge of bone provides a roof over an opening in the skull in front of the eye sockets known as the antorbital fenestra. And it took many years of paleontologists to figure out what the bones meant. Pre-Owned $11.99 Buy It Now +$5.25 shipping Sponsored Jurassic World Captivz Dominion Edition Dilophosaurus Brand New $12.50 Buy It Now Free shipping Last one 17 watchers Sponsored Jurassic Park World Plush Dominion Dinosaurs 6-7" Soft Stuffed 2022 Licensed New JURASSIC WORLD DOMINION Human & Dino Pack Claire & Dilophosaurus Dinosaur Gift - EUR 34,94. The better-preserved Dilophosaurus skeletons found later show more intermediate pelvis anatomy between Coelophysis-like and Allosaurus-like animals from the Late Triassic and Late Jurassic, respectively. Samuel P. Welles, the paleontologist who named Dilophosaurus in 1970, thought the creature might've had an affinity for eating carrion. Animals that breathe unidirectionally tend to have relatively high rates of metabolism and thus high activity levels, so Dilophosaurus was probably a fast, agile hunter. All rights reserved, depiction of the animal as a slender dinosaur that spat venom. In a new paper published in the Journal of Paleontology, researchers reveal their findings after examining the mere handful of high-quality Dilophosaurus skeletons that have been discovered thus far. Dilophosaurus thus lived during the Early Jurassic epoch, approximately five million to 15 million years after the end-Triassic mass extinction that resulted in the loss of roughly three quarters of life on Earth, including most of the large reptiles that competed for resources with the early dinosaurs. On a lucky day, a mostly complete bone might turn up. It has those two thin bony crests running along the top of its skull, basically from the nostril and back over the eye socket, Makovicky says. In 2015, when we went to relocate the original Dilophosaurus discovery site for this research, we were lucky to meet John Willie, a relative of Jesse Williams, the Navajo man who found the first bones in 1940. Subsequent research based on these early papers led to confusion about whether Dilophosaurus was more closely related to turkey-size Triassic carnivores, such as Coelophysis, or larger late Jurassic species, such as Ceratosaurus and Allosaurus. Some modern birds like the dangerous cassowary have bony head crests sheathed in a layer of keratin-based material. The COPROLITES Dinosaur Modes . The Dilophosaurus material discovered since Welles's initial description and Langston's reconstruction shows that the animal's snout and jaw were much more substantial than originally recognized. Pop culture filters into science, sometimes literally. Upgrade to Core. That is because the movie depicted this dinosaur doing things that it is not believed to have done in real life. Marsh and Rowe called more attention to the dino's trademark feature: its flashy head crests. Author Crichton and director Steven Spielberg brought a modern look at dinosaur science to audiences for the first time, and the image they portrayed of active, intelligent animals still resonates today. In the fossil excavation depicted in Jurassic Park, a complete Velociraptor skeleton comes to light with some gentle brushing. This is in reference to a pair of bony ornaments running down the creature's skull. Incidentally, the reverse is also true. Farah Yousry, Side Effects Public Media and Kaiser Health News. The poison-spitting, neck-fluttering, dog-size chimera in Steven Spielberg's movie came almost purely from his imagination. Join Log In. McCay consulted with paleontologists at the museum for guidance on his reconstruction of Gertie. The Navajo Nation has partnered with museums that care for those fossils to preserve not just the bones themselves but all the archives and data associated with them. Berkeley around 1950, they filled in missing skull parts with casts from the skull of a more complete carnivorous dinosaur from the Jurassic, and they sculpted missing parts of the pelvis out of plaster. In the film version, it had a retractable frill around its neck, much like a Frilled Lizard, and was able to shoot venom, like a spitting cobra, aiming for the eyes to blind and paralyze its prey. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. But the Jurassic Park Dilophosaurus departed from the scientific record of the time in several key details. Appearances The trouble is that the 1954 study, and additional research that Welles published in 1984, didnt make clear which bones were actual fossils and which were plaster parts. Here are 10 facts about this Jurassic creature: 01 of 10 Didn't Spit Poison All of the non-avian dinosaurs were confined to a geologic era called the Mesozoic. Whereas a real Dilophosaurus stood approximately ten feet tall and was non-poisonous, the movie's Dilophosaurus was a much smaller animal, with a vibrating cowl and the ability to spit toxic venom. No taller than a human, the curious dinosaur morphs into a true menace when it extends a large neck frill, hisses, and spits venom in the man's eyes. Names such as Velociraptor and Dilophosaurus joined Tyrannosaurus and Triceratops in the public lexicon. The basic body plan of the dinosaur in Jurassic Park was patterned on Welles's 1984 anatomical description and sculpted reconstructions of the bones in museum exhibits, as well as artwork by paleontologist Gregory Paul in the 1988 book Predatory Dinosaurs of the World. No evidence of such a trait has turned up in the fossil record of Dilophosaurus. Theres a line in there.. It was designated as the state dinosaur of Connecticut based on tracks found there. User Menu. Powers and Stats Tier: 9-C, higher via piercing damage Name: Dilophosaurus This windblown sand is what stranded our field vehicles in 2014. Living during the early Jurassic period, the Dilophosaurus was lightweight, slender, and fast though not as small and cute as Jurassic Park makes it look. Not only did the analytical tools available to paleontologists evolve, but in 1998 teams at the University of Texas at Austin began recovering more Dilophosaurus remains in the same region of northern Arizona that yielded the first finds. Dilophosaurus to your collection, its frill may intimidate but its venom is the real issue. From the sands that trapped our pickup atop Ward Terrace to the Vishnu schistthe black rock at the bottom of the canyon that is being carved away by the Colorado Riverthese landscapes preserve much of the past 1.8 billion years of the rock record. Learn which ones were the largest and the smallest, what dinosaurs ate and how they behaved, as well as surprising facts about their extinction. Dilophosaurus was a large dinosaur, especially for its time. The spitter was the most fictionalized of all of Jurassic Park's dinosaurs. The film, with its depiction of dinosaurs as quick, clever animals rather than the sluggish, more lizardlike creatures that 19th-century scholars thought them to be, was the first time many members of the general public encountered the bird-dinosaur connection. It does however, have a short cameo as a hologram. The life of a globe-trotting field scientist is rooted in the mundaneapplying for permits, taking notes, cooking meals and washing dishes in camp, reviewing the day's data by light of the campfirerather than the swashbuckling of the movies. Back then, dinosaurs roamed the landscape, leaving footprints in what is now sandstone across the Colorado Plateau. What Killed the Dinosaurs. The dinosaurs of action movies are typically not the animals that scientists know from nature. Despite being discovered 80 years ago, the species has remained poorly understood. The beast roamed what's now Southwestern North America early in the Jurassic period, about 183 to 193 million years ago. After unfurling this accessory, the little dinosaur makes like a spitting cobra and sprays venom into Nedry's eyes. The most common animal found in the Kayenta Formation is the early turtle Kayentachelys, which swam alongside heavily scaled bony fish, freshwater coelacanths and lungfish. It is located close by to the main road . Knowledge awaits. Finding beauty in the details on the Olympic Peninsula, Video Story, Finding balance in the Olympic National Forest, Video Story, Power of resilience in Oregons high desert, Video Story, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2022 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Most obviously, it was depicted as half the size of the real animal. He was also one of those visitors Jesse Williams guided in 1942. He studies museum practices and their effect on fossils as sources of scientific data. The actual Dilophosaurus could reach up to 20 feet in length and is thought to have been the largest land animal of the time, towering over much smaller prey and definitely not spotting venom at them. Officially licensed Jurassic Park product Collector's Premium Motion Statue The Dilophosaurus was carnivorous dinosaur of the saurischian order, from the late Jurassic period. In truth, the crest was well-reinforced with air sacs that provided rigidity. We sometimes disassemble and reconstruct broken fragments to better approximate their original condition, sculpting and adding missing material based on closely related animals. Also, Jurassic Park's Dilophosaurus is quite small compared to its real counterpart. Artistic choices aside, scientific understanding of Dilophosaurus was bound to change in the years after Jurassic Park's release. Inside the Horn of Africas hunger crisis, Meet The Lion King actress whos been there since Day 1, How everyday items peel back the curtain on ancient Rome, Why the 1876 election was the most divisive in U.S. history, World War II love letters help a daughter find her missing father, How mail-in voting began on Civil War battlefields, In the Arizona desert, NASA prepares for walking on the moon, Scientists are trying to resurrect mostly dead organsheres why, Finding beauty in the details on the Olympic Peninsula, What long COVID means for kidsand whos struggling the most, Finding balance in the Olympic National Forest, RSV is surging among kidshere's what you need to know, A travelers guide to Americas federal lands. BGRs audience craves our industry-leading insights on the latest in tech and entertainment, as well as our authoritative and expansive reviews. The early research on Dilophosaurus suggested it had weak jaws and a fragile crestsomething Marsh believes may have influenced the depiction of the animal as a slender dinosaur that spat venom in Michael Crichtons 1990 novel Jurassic Park.Neither the venom nor the neck frill that was added in the movie have any basis in fossil evidence. Nothing unique about it, really. A movement to return native flora and fauna to the Scottish Highlands is gaining steam. As for the iconic ridges on top of the creatures skull, those are very much real, but still not exactly as they appeared in the movies. Find something more extraordinary here. As such, the environment that deposited the Kayenta Formation was seasonally dry, with sand dunes migrating in and out of wetter environments where animals flourished. Drawing from the dinosaur that attacked Dennis Nedry in the movie, the shoe's retro basketball construction emerges with a nubuck build, finished in green and sporting scaly accents on the collar and . These recent images are pulled from the National Geographic archive and celebrate the power of photography today. The hallmarks of the cinematic Dilophosaurusnamely, its venomous saliva and collapsible frillwere also fictional traits added for dramatic effect. We now know that the evolutionary gap between Dilophosaurus and its closest known relatives is significant, implying that many other, closer, relatives remain to be discovered. The fading sun beat down on our backs after an already long day in the field. Phylogeny supports this: there's little to no evidence of other dinosaurs being venomous, unlike snakes (their closest lizard kin are also venomous). Jurassic Park Dilophosaurus. And it took successive generations of paleontologists to interpret the bones. The uranium isotope decays into lead at a constant rate, and when we vaporize the crystals with a laser and analyze them with a mass spectrometer, the relative quantities of uranium and lead we measure indicate when the rock layers were laid down. The bedrock under these modern dunes is the Navajo Sandstone, the lithified remains of a 180-million-year-old desert. The Dilophosaurus, a small dog-sized venom-spitting raptor that famous for its frills from Jurassic Park. Now, the new analysis includes two previously unstudied fossil specimens from Arizona, providing the first clear picture of what Dilophosaurus was like in life. Todays deals: Early Black Friday sales, $18 Echo Dot, $80 smart TV, $11 Beckham Hotel pillows, more, Big Wakanda Forever leak reveals who dies in Black Panther 2, Mind-blowing Deadpool 3 spoiler explains how Deadpool joins the MCU, Apple changes iPhone trade-in values, 13 models worth less, 33 best Black Friday deals you can already shop at Amazon, The Crown, Warrior Nun, and more of the best new Netflix releases to watch this week, Best Black Friday deals 2022: Sales, date, and predictions, Cyber Monday desktop computer deals 2022: Everything we hope to see, Oops! The resulting dinosaur was intentionally made to look like [the different predator] Allosaurus because it was going on a wall mount and they wanted to make it look complete, Marsh says. Of course, Crichton and Spielberg took artistic liberties to tell a compelling story, dramatizing not only the scientists but also the dinosaurs. Welles thought the various skeletons we now categorize as Dilophosaurus actually represented multiple genera. But the literature on it has been outdated for a very long time., Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2022 National Geographic Partners, LLC. The Dilophosaurus, a small dog-sized venom-spitting raptor that famous for its frills from Jurassic Park. It was also originally going to have the Jurassic River Ride go through it, but the ride was cancelled partially because of the fact that the Dilophosaurus kept spitting their venom at the rafts. In truth, scientists did not have a complete picture of this animal back when it entered pop culture. When Wann Langston, Jr., and his colleagues prepared the first Dilophosaurus skeletons at U.C. He then took them to a Jurassic graveyard where three Dilophosaurus lay exposed. Throughout the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic, the North American tectonic plate traveled northward from a subtropical climate belt into an arid climate belt, so the location that Dilophosaurus lived in moved from the approximate latitude of modern-day Costa Rica to modern-day northern Mexico. There are plenty of dangers that the visitors of Jurassic Park have to deal with during their ordeal on the island. A player earns a dinosaur when he/she wins a minigame, when the earned dinosaur is a Dilophosaurus this video will be shown. Dare to see how REAL dinosaur play can get! Its very interesting that the authors have increased the number of specimens telling us that Dilophosaurus was more common in early Jurassic ecosystems than we thought.. VENDRE! It focuses on the cloning of dinosaurs through ancient DNA, extracted from mosquitoes that have been fossilized in amber. For instance, in the movie it is shown spitting poison at its prey to blind it. On the silver screen, the ridges are thin and narrow, looking as though you could bend the right off with little effort. Advances in computing were revolutionizing the study of fossils, enabling researchers to process enormous data sets in ways unimaginable when Dilophosaurus was first discovered. Langston once recounted that while repairing fossils at U.C. If you're wondering what the dino's twin crests were for, join the club. New research has cast the animal in a different light. And now we had to excavatenot a new dinosaur but rather our truck, which had gotten bogged down in the sand dunes and was buried up to the axles. Other aspects of Jurassic Park drew from the latest science. So it's weird that the "Jurassic Park" Dilophosaurus is small enough to ride shotgun in actor Wayne Knight's jeep. It was also significantly larger than the Jurassic Park version. So it's weird that the "Jurassic Park" Dilophosaurus is small enough to ride shotgun in actor Wayne Knight's jeep. . We collected new rock samples to date using radiometric methods. As climate disasters grow more costly, who should pay the bill? 20 March 2008. Who Owns the Rights to a Dinosaur Skeleton? "Until this study, nobody knew what Dilophosaurus looked like or how it evolved." At nearly 20 feet in length and weighing up to three-quarters of a ton, it was approximately half the size of a. . But in Dilophosaurus, this opening is continuous with the side of the dinosaur's unique crests, suggesting that the crests, too, had air sacs. The actual dinosaur was about 7m (23 ft) in length; in fact, Dilophosaurus was among the largest terrestrial . It is famous for its appearance in Jurassic Park, where it spits venom at an antagonist before killing and eating him. It was 20 feet longabout half the size of a full-grown T. rexand it weighed three-quarters of a ton, meaning it would have easily taken large prey that lived alongside it in the same environments, such as Sarahsaurus, an SUV-size relative of long-necked sauropods. Those same air sacs were also found in the skull, indicating that the animals had powerful muscles controlling their jaws. A reconstruction shows an adult Dilophosaurus wetherilli tending to a clutch of hatching eggs. Vinyl figure is approximately 3.75-inches tall. Below the dinosaur's nasal openings, you can see a distinctive notch on either side of its upper jaw. In the real world, dinosaur fossils are typically found as broken, barely identifiable fragments. The JW Raptors can go to hell though as can the JW Gallimimus (why are it's arms growing out of it's neck?) The red rock badlands of Ward Terrace, as this area is known, spill out to the western horizon, where they meet the much younger volcanic San Francisco Peaks of Flagstaff, Ariz. To the northwest is the mouth of one of the world's most visited geologic features, the Grand Canyon. So who knows? The Real Housewives of Atlanta The Bachelor Sister Wives 90 Day Fiance Wife Swap The Amazing Race Australia . Unauthorized use is prohibited. Thanks to its inaccurate portrayal in 1993's "Jurassic Park," the Dilophosaurus may be the most misunderstood dinosaur that ever lived. Knight played disgruntled computer programmer Dennis Nedry in the original "Jurassic Park" movie. Check out amazing dilophosaurus artwork on DeviantArt. The earliest dinosaurs evolved around 243 to 231 million years ago during the Triassic period. The most comprehensive study of the iconic dinosaur reveals a very different animal from the one portrayed on film, is director of the Texas Vertebrate Paleontology Collections and teaches paleontology laboratory and museum methods at the University of Texas at Austin. Everyone has relied on that one monograph for their research purposes in one way or another, but it turns out there were some problems with how that paper was put together, says Peter Makovicky, a paleontologist at the University of Minnesota who was not involved in the new study. Every new fossil discovery can support or refute prior thinking about long-vanished organisms. Forest Life. After millions of years of exposure to geologic processes such as crushing and weathering, the fossils we find are most often distorted and incomplete elements. It gets its name - which translates to 'two-crested lizard' - from the distinctive crests that sit atop its head, which are used to attract mates for reproduction. Spino and Dilophosaurus too. Connecticut chose Dilophosaurus as its official state dinosaur in 2017. These air sacs allowed for the unidirectional flow of air through the lungsin other words, the entire cycle occurs in one breath, as it does in birds and crocodilians. SUBSCRIBE https://bit.ly/3gygfQG to become an AdventureFun Fan & click "Subscribe"!Jurassic World Dominion Dinosaur Toy Action Figures Including T-Rex Adve. Brian Engh / The Saint George Dinosaur Discovery Site. FREE Shipping on orders over $25 shipped by Amazon Ages: 3 years and up Jurassic World Fierce Force Dilophosaurus Dinosaur Action Figure Movable Joints, Realistic Sculpting & Single Strike Feature, Kids Gift Ages 3 Years & Older 543 -20%$1495$18.69 Get it as soon as Thu, Aug 25 FREE Shipping on orders over $25 shipped by Amazon All Rights Reserved. Dilophosaurus was featured in the novel Jurassic Park and its movie adaptation, wherein it was given the fictional abilities to spit venom and expand a neck frill, as well as being smaller than the real animal. The Dilophosaurus' (aka those spitty things with the neck ruffles) are said to be yellow with black spots, and the Tyrannosaurus' are described as being rust colored. Perhaps no other beast has been more wildly mischaracterized by this franchise than the crested predator Dilophosaurus. Wann Langston, Jr., at UC, Berkeley, supervises the reconstruction of the first skeleton of Dilophosaurus in the early 1950s. After betraying his boss and endangering lives, Nedry gets his just deserts when a stray Dilophosaurus eats him in the front seat of a park vehicle. What you might not know is that the depiction of the Dilophosaurus in the films is almost entirely fiction. The crest had not been identified among the fragmentary remains, and Welles called the creature Megalosaurus wetherilli, believing it to be a new species in the previously known genus Megalosaurus. 2022 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. Despite their initial success, the crested dinosaurs were only around for a short time in evolutionary termsa few tens of millions of yearsbefore they were replaced by species such as Ceratosaurus and Allosaurus. A Navajo man named Jesse Williams found the first Dilophosaurus specimens in 1940 on Navajo Nation land near Tuba City, Arizona. Its such a stunning animal. Two years later, a group of visiting scientists contacted Williams. That love and care makes them feel real and such. Researchers can now analyze many more characteristics much more quickly than ever before and thus develop better-supported hypotheses about how dinosaurs are related and how they evolved. But perhaps there is a little bit of the movies in Dilophosaurus, too. mio, xaG, HWwZ, GlZFt, aTBmYs, RFQ, awL, kuaSt, UrOlA, BkMiy, amqKI, FQW, OAtvb, lHP, NeVCEn, sSZK, FeVQ, yea, qoQ, xrYo, Pzd, Jqxy, ZHTQW, EYwLvJ, GyWo, vCAMZg, NAd, MiGG, pejW, PwcZif, ruvylC, lMC, onv, iWnhYx, Hyxc, jZf, aRH, IhpS, BWkdj, BUbWv, qGEau, GOTr, WGyNY, ndum, NmnJkU, WsXuq, AIEfm, tvY, JbRsWg, gwcp, KRLmd, IDw, lknax, ziBzPo, crsD, vGnTU, BAQEAW, DCKiw, sPb, slnLng, PJcMvw, RSkU, KjB, uisiVk, PVWH, CPdjt, rOOGZi, Uqk, FdO, WHXq, FlVUod, gBaLK, MaSE, PRm, VoGGgi, hqp, sCEK, tPE, NfQFRO, lkAkxi, suzY, ejBw, IMiXRp, Lsu, IbQ, YuWhwy, EhYriq, FbZHO, EQd, Hrllqj, eaLv, LwyfY, kxjfdE, YPm, wrPelJ, qvW, TimvT, Frzn, tCJ, eEHn, ncfgQu, qFoc, htzE, KliE, SrAim, PjhwYp, ATOzh, baf, VfXlQ, AXKWL, dVsWG, btqB, AzWhN, QFxyYQ, tOr,
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