Germany made a bold move by trying to form an alliance with Mexico as a way of weakening the US once they enter the war, but Mexico declined Germany's offer. Zimmermann Telegram is published in American newspapers. It was obvious to Reginald "Blinker" Hall that his subordinate was excited. The Road to Bletchley Park exhibition at the former wartime site features a copy of the Zimmermann Telegram and details of its role. How did the Zimmermann Telegram cause ww1? answer choices. "World War I: Zimmerman Telegram." In return for attacking the United States, Mexico was promised the return of territory lost during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), including Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, as well as substantial financial assistance. The Zimmermann Telegram was a diplomatic note sent by the German Foreign Office to Mexico in January 1917 which proposed a military alliance between the two nations should the United States enter World War I (1914-1918) on the side of the Allies. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration Upon decoding the Zimmerman telegram, U.S. citizens' attitudes toward the British softened, while their attitude toward Mexicans and Germans hardened. Amidst all the chaos revolving around German aggression in the Atlantic, the United States came to know that Germany was wooing Mexico to join forces, in case the US was to join the war. ThoughtCo, Jul. 4 By Jay Bellamy "No account of the stirring episodes leading up to our entry into the World War can be considered complete without at least a reference to the one in which the Zimmermann telegram played the leading role." Room 40 asked one of its contacts to get hold of a copy of anything sent to the German embassy in Mexico from the US. On April 2, 1917 the United States entered WWI declaring war against Germany and its allies. The Zimmermann Telegram And Other Events Leading To America's Entry into World War I Winter 2016, Vol. The countries involved in the war were either part of the Entente Powers or Allies (Britain, France, Russia, Serbia and their allies) and the Central Powers (composed of three empires, the German, the Austro-Hungarian and the Ottoman plus the Kingdom of Bulgaria and their allies) Over 15 . Play 04:20 WW1: The Zimmermann Telegram A decrypted German telegram intended for Mexico pushed the United States into World War One and prompted a wave of hostility on the US-Mexico border. Find out in this video. And Britain was spying on the US and its diplomatic traffic (something it would continue to do for another quarter of a century). His name is associated with the Zimmermann Telegram during World War I.He was also closely involved in plans to support rebellions in Ireland and in India, and to assist the Bolsheviks to undermine Tsarist Russia How a decrypted German telegram pushed the United States into World War One and prompted a wave of hostility on the US-Mexico border The message - which would become known as the Zimmermann. He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert. German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann. The next day, the telegram and verifying details were presented to Wilson. On February 19, 1917, Admiral Sir William Hall, the head of Room 40, presented a copy of the telegram to the secretary of the U.S. Embassy, Edward Bell.. When the signs were that an extra push might be needed, it was decided to deploy the Zimmermann Telegram. In it Germany asks Mexico to declare war on the United States if the USA declares war on Germany. Competition between the Central Powers and the Allies proved to be the main cause of these events and the effects of these are now evident. What was the purpose of the Zimmerman Telegram? They also have a pact which means that - on the whole - they are not supposed to spy on each other. Decoding parts of the message, they were able to develop an outline of its content. In January of 1917, a telegram, which is a note or message that is sent through a telegraph that must then be written down, was sent by the German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmerman. Zimmermann sent the telegram on January 16, 1917, but given communication delays at the time, von Eckardt did not receive the note until January 19th. At that point in time, entering the war was inevitable. What was the point of the Zimmermann telegram? As the nation prepared to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the U.S. entry into World War I on April 6, 2017, the #USWW100 series explored why understanding and commemorating WWI is still important today. It proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico, in the event of the United States entering the First World War in support of the Allies. So Germany often sent its messages in code via neutral countries. The British cryptographic office known as "Room 40" decoded the Zimmermann Telegram and handed it over to the United States in late-February 1917. We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral. The Zimmermann Telegram was originally dispatched from Berlin to Washington, D.C. on January 16, 1917 using standard diplomatic channels, which in wartime meant sending it on undersea telegraph . Zimmermann had sent instructions to approach the Mexican government with what seems an extraordinary deal: if it was to join any war against America, it would be rewarded with the territories of Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. Zimmermann Telegram: The Telegram Summary The Zimmermann . The Zimmermann Telegram (or Zimmermann Note or Zimmerman Cable) was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico if the United States entered World War I against Germany. Unable to break the British blockade of the North Sea with its surface fleet, the German leadership elected to return to a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. The Brilliance Of The Royal Navy : WW1 & The Zimmerman Telegram In the first days of WWI, the British successfully executed a rather audacious plan (first formulated in 1911) to use a cable ship to . The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The telegram went out in January. The Foreign Minister, Arthur Zimmerman sends an encoded a telegram to the Mexicans. The Zimmermann Telegram proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico and promised Mexico the lands of their former territories in modern-day Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico in return for . The Zimmermann Telegram (or Zimmermann Note or Zimmerman Cable) was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico if the United States entered World War I against Germany. The Zimmermann Telegram (or Zimmermann Note or Zimmerman Cable) was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico if the United States entered World War I against Germany. This was permitted as President Woodrow Wilson allowed the Germans to transmit under the cover of U.S. diplomatic traffic in hopes that he could remain in touch with Berlin and broker a lasting peace. The Zimmermann Telegram as it was sent from Washington, DC, to Ambassador Heinrich von Eckardt, the German ambassador to Mexico. The telegram was sent as a coded message by German Foreign Secretary . But as the war unfolded in Europe, an intercepted telegram sent by the German Foreign Secretary, Arthur Zimmermann, to the Mexican government inflamed the U.S. public opinion and was one of the. Was a message sent by the British requesting help from the USA. Between 1914 and the spring of 1917, the European nations engaged in a conflict that became known as World War At that time, Mexico had . The telegram was an internal diplomatic message sent in January 1917 from the German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmermann in Berlin, to the German Embassy in Mexico. SURVEY . Zimmerman Telegram. The Zimmerman telegram was originally sent by Authur Zimmerman, the German Foreign Secretary on to the German Ambassador in the United States, and directed to the German ambassador in Mexico, von Eckhardt. answer choices . While pro-German and anti-war groups claimed that it was a forgery, Zimmermann confirmed the telegram's contents on March 3 and March 29. It was sent by Germany to Mexico, which was intercepted by the British, then passed to the Americans. We intend to begin on the 1st of February unrestricted submarine warfare. The release of the telegram in March further inflamed the American public and contributed to the American declaration of war the following month. The full text of the telegram was published in American newspapers on March 1, 1917, and two days later, Arthur Zimmermann admitted that he indeed wrote the letter. Today, the two allies have GCHQ and the NSA - two vast intelligence agencies involved in interception and code-breaking. Citation. Read about our approach to external linking. In return for the alliance, Mexico would receive financial assistance from Germany as well as could reclaim territory lost during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) (1846-1848). 2022 BBC. The main purpose of the telegram was to make the Mexican government declare war on the United States in hopes of tying down American forces and slowing the export of American arms.. What was the Zimmerman telegram and what did it promise? In assessing a possible war with the United States, the military determined that it largely lacked the capability to re-take the lost territories and that German financial assistance would be useless as the United States was the only significant arms producer in the Western Hemisphere. The deciding factor for the U.S. to enter the war is due to one document, the Zimmerman Telegram. Produced in 2017, this short video series explored the events that led the U.S. to enter World War I a century before, in 1917. In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together. The Zimmermann Telegram is motivated by fearthis one very valid fear. The Zimmermann Telegram galvanized American public opinion against Germany once and for all. Arthur Zimmermann (5 October 1864 - 6 June 1940) was State Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the German Empire from 22 November 1916 until his resignation on 6 August 1917. (3) World War I started because nations made alliances with each other. A month later, America was in the War. The Zimmermann Telegram. What was the significance of the Zimmerman Telegram? The document was sole proof to many Americans that Germany's intentions were not only causing harm on European soil but bringing it . See how British cryptologists cracked the coded message that propelled the United States into World War I August 20, 2012 On January 17, 1917, British code breakers in Room 40, the cryptoanalysis. How Britain managed to inform the American government without revealing that the German codes had been broken makes for an incredible story of espionage and intrigue as only Barbara W. Tuchman . The telegram was considered perhaps Britain's greatest intelligence coup of World War I and, coupled with American outrage over Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare, was the tipping point persuading the U.S. to join the war. How a decrypted German telegram pushed the United States into World War One and prompted a wave of hostility on the US-Mexico border. April 2, 1917. Britain could then plausibly claim this was how it had got hold of the message and get round the problem of admitting it was spying on its friends. Amazon.com: The Zimmermann Telegram: The Astounding . This ploy came to light when the British naval intelligence, on January 19, 1917, intercepted a telegram sent by the German Foreign . Further inflaming the American public, which was angered over the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare (Wilson broke diplomatic relations with Germany on February 3 over this issue) and the sinking SS Houstonic (February 3) and SS California (February 7), the telegram further pushed the nation towards war. Why? Why was the Zimmerman telegram so important? de Grey asked. After a career in the consular service, Zimmermann won transfer to the diplomatic branch in 1901. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. German telegraph cables passing through the English Channel had been cut at the start of the War by a British ship. March 3, 1917: Zimmermann acknowledges the plot, but argues that it was not hostile because it was contingent on a US declaration of war against Germany. The Zimmermann telegram and Room 40. "This may be a very big thing, possibly the biggest thing in the war. The Zimmerman Telegram was an important piece of America's decision to enter World War One. Believing that Britain could be quickly crippled if its supply lines to North America were severed, Germany prepared to re-implement this approach effective February 1, 1917. zimmerman telegram: a telegram sent by german officials to mexico to convince mexico to ally with them, it was intercepted by the british who showed it to the americans who, feeling threatened by a neighbouring country attacking them they decided to enter the war (this was of course one of many reasons but this is supposed to be a big deal in The answer was obvious. The Zimmermann Telegram, also known as the Zimmerman Note, or Zimmerman Telegram WWI, was written by a German foreign secretary named Arthur Zimmerman. As a result, it was determined to decline the German offer. Explain to students that the Zimmermann Telegram helped draw the United States into the war and thus changed the course of history. ThoughtCo. The telegram was sent January 16, 1917. December 3, 2021. The note revealed a plan to renew unrestricted submarine warfare and to form an alliance with Mexico and Japan if the United States declared war on Germany. "World War I: Zimmerman Telegram." Zimmerman sent this telegram to the German Minister to Mexico, Heinrich von Eckhardt. Listen to the programme online or download the programme podcast. Zimmermann Telegram, also called Zimmermann Note, coded telegram sent January 16, 1917, by German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmermann to the German minister in Mexico. As the ciphertext of the telegram was transmitted through Britain, it was immediately intercepted by British code breakers who were monitoring traffic originating in Germany. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, DocsTeach: Our Online Tool for Teaching with Documents, Education Programs at Presidential Libraries. Before United states entered World War I against Germany. (2021, July 31). Phone: 816.888.8100. Tuesday marks the 100th anniversary of a remarkable success for British intelligence: but one that involved spying on the United States and then conspiring with its senior officials to manipulate public opinion in America. https://www.thoughtco.com/world-war-i-zimmerman-telegram-2361417 (accessed November 10, 2022). BBC iWonder: Could I become a secret agent? Tags: Question 10 . Answer (1 of 2): Several reasons can be mentioned when we want to discuss why the US decided to join WW1: ** A German submarine caused the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915 ** German agents arranged a huge sabotage action on Black Tom Island (New York harbour) in 1916 ** Germany introduced unre. 'I had to destroy a truck-load of beer' Video, 'One of the hottest start-up spaces in the US' Video, 'One of the hottest start-up spaces in the US', How the British and Americans started listening in. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, British-American Coalition forces in World War I, go to. Zimmermaan Telegram : Zimmermaan Telegram was a secret diplomatic service communication used from the German Office in January 1917. M.S., Information and Library Science, Drexel University, B.A., History and Political Science, Pennsylvania State University. Stunned, Hall initially believed the telegram to be a forgery but passed it on to Ambassador Walter Hines Page the next day. a clandestine mission to Britain to establish a relationship with their counterparts, The Road to Bletchley Park exhibition at the former wartime site, Jennifer Aniston has zero regrets about trying IVF, Top Iranian actress poses without headscarf, $1m for shopkeeper who sold record Powerball ticket, Who is winning, losing and what it means so far, Russia to withdraw troops from key city of Kherson. So, this was their primary propaganda. Germany wanted Mexico to join the war and fight against the US. File Name: The Zimmermann Telegram The Astounding Espionage Operation That Propelled America Into The First World War.pdf Size: 4546 KB Type: PDF, ePub, eBook Category: Book Uploaded: 2020 Nov 22, 19:31 Rating: 4.6/5 from 858 votes. Definition The Zimmerman Telegram was a diplomatic communication (done in secret) that came from the German Foreign office in January of 1917 and suggested that there be a military alliance between Mexico and Germany if the United States entered the Great War. Hickman, Kennedy. How a decrypted German telegram pushed the United States into World War One and prompted a wave of hostility on the US-Mexico border The message - which would become known as the Zimmermann. After reading the message, von Eckardt approached the government of President Venustiano Carranza with the terms. The American ambassador had queried the content of such a long message and been reassured it related to peace proposals. Share Zimmermann Telegram Share this fact Why was Zimmerman telegram important in ww1? "Do you want to bring America into the war?" April 2, 1917: President Wilson appeals to a joint session of Congress for a Declaration of War against Germany. Biden hails midterm results but Senate race down to the wire, Biden sees 'real problems' for Russia in Ukraine, Trepidation as Russians prepare Kherson pullout, Muna got a fresh start, thanks to Phoebe Bridgers, 'I had to destroy a truck-load of beer' Video'I had to destroy a truck-load of beer', Once a comfort, rain is now ruining Australia's mood, 'One of the hottest start-up spaces in the US' Video'One of the hottest start-up spaces in the US', Warnings over growing 3D printed gun threat. The Zimmermann Telegram was a diplomatic note sent by the German Foreign Office to Mexico in January 1917 which proposed a military alliance between the two nations should the United States enter World War I (1914-1918) on the side of the Allies. We've updated our Privacy Policy, which will go in to effect on September 1, 2022. World War I: Zimmerman Telegram. View WW1--Zimmerman_Telegram from BUSINESS 5646 at Clarkstown South Senior High School. Zimmermann sent the telegram in anticipation of the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany on February 1, which the German government presumed would almost certainly lead to war with the United States. Zimmermann Telegram, also called Zimmermann Note, coded telegram sent January 16, 1917, . Background: The Zimmermann Telegram (or Zimmermann note) was a secret, coded message sent in Jan 1917 by the German foreign secretary, Arthur Zimmermann, to his subordinate, the German ambassador in Mexico, before the United States entered the war. Zimmermann sent the original coded message to Ambassador Johann von Bernstorff on January 16, 1917. Whatever scepticism was left was dispelled when Zimmermann himself took the odd move of confirming he had sent it. As Mexico was emerging from a recent civil war, Carranza sought to improve relations with the United States as well as other nations in the region such as Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. The message was intercepted by the British and passed on to the United States; its publication caused outrage and contributed to the U.S. entry . Germany's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare can take more credit for that. Mexico would recover Texas Arizona and new Mexico . Asked Mexico to attack the USA in return for land. In January 1917, British cryptographers deciphered a telegram from German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann to the German Minister to Mexico, Heinrich von Eckhardt, offering United States territory to Mexico in return for joining the German cause. Arthur Zimmermann, (born October 5, 1864, Marggrabowa, East Prussia [now Olecko, Poland]died June 6, 1940, Berlin, Germany), German foreign secretary during part of World War I (1916-17), the author of a sensational proposal to Mexico to enter into an alliance against the United States. Germany's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare can take more credit for that. On April 2, Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany. Warned passengers of the Lusitania that the ship would be sunk. Why did ww1 end at 11am? USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration In 1917, As World War I ground on, Germany began assessing options for striking a decisive blow. The subsequent events that instigated the release of the Zimmerman Telegram began with German's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. This provided another copy of the telegram. Daily, Memorial Day - Labor Day As the nation prepared to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the U.S. entry into World War I on April 6, 2017, the #USWW100 series explored why understanding and commemorating WWI is still important today. And so Arthur Zimmerman who was the German Foreign Secretary, the equivalent of the United States Secretary of State. For Kids. London was betting that Germany's use of unrestricted submarine warfare - attacking merchant shipping - would be enough to draw America into the War. Although wireless (radio) was And the thinking was, well, maybe we could somehow enlisted the help of Mexico which at the time was not the best terms with the United States. War I, militarism, gas warfare, and the Zimmermann Telegram also showed to affect the world. In this secret diplomatic communication, Zimmerman proposed that Germany and Mexico forge a military alliance. Sent to the Admiralty's Room 40, code breakers found that it was encrypted in cipher 0075, which they had partially broken. From there, it would eventually arrive at the German embassy on 19 January to be decoded and then recoded and sent on via a commercial Western Union telegraphic office to Mexico, arriving the same day. By that evening, it was passing through another European country and then London before being relayed to the State Department in Washington. The message used a code that had been largely cracked by British code-breakers, the forerunners of those who would later work at Bletchley Park. Rinke, Stefan: Zimmermann Telegram , in: 1914-1918-online. In January 1917, the British intercepted a coded telegram from German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmermann to Germany's ambassador to Mexicothat offered to assist Mexico in reconquering U.S. territory in exchange for joining the Central Powers against the Allies should the United States declare war. Early in World War Two, before America had formally entered the War, it would send a team of its best code-breakers on a clandestine mission to Britain to establish a relationship with their counterparts. In January 1917, the British intercepted a coded telegram from German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmermann to Germany's ambassador to Mexico that offered to assist Mexico in reconquering U.S. territory in exchange for joining the Central Powers against the Allies should the United States declare war. Explanation Listening to the German proposal, Carranza instructed his military to determine the feasibility of the offer. A decrypted German telegram intended for Mexico pushed the United States into World War One and prompted a wave of hostility on the US-Mexico border. Was the telegram used in ww1? Your report ( 30 July) says the deciphering of the Zimmermann telegram (inviting Mexico to ally itself with Germany) by British intelligence "changed the course of the first world war, bringing . 10 a.m. - 5 p.m. Hickman, Kennedy. Germany had convinced President Wilson in the US that keeping channels of communication open would help end the War, and so the US agreed to pass on German diplomatic messages from Berlin to its embassy in Washington. To this end, German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann was instructed to seek a military alliance with Mexico in the event of war with the United States. Hall had all the copies locked in his desk while he decided what to do and asked for the rest to be decoded. This meant technically all parties could claim that it had been decoded on US territory. Officially announced the entry of the USA into WWI. By March 1, its scandalous contents were. The Zimmermann Telegram was a coded message sent by the German Foreign Minister, Arthur Zimmermann, to the German Ambassador to Mexico, Heinrich von Eckardt. Oblivious to its content, he dutifully wired it to. In the telegram he proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico that could help Germany win the war and Mexico to regain territories previously lost to the USA: the US states of Texas . A 100 hundred years ago today the German Foreign Minister, Arthur Zimmermann, sent a telegram that was to have profound consequences for the course of the First World War. "I've got something here which - well, it's a rather astonishing message which might do the trick if we could use it," de Grey said. The telegram was an internal diplomatic message sent in January 1917 from the German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmermann in Berlin, to the German Embassy in Mexico. Officially announced the entry of the USA into WWI. Germany wanted Mexico to stay out of the war. Tags: . This was encrypted in cipher 13040, which the British had captured a copy of in the Middle East. This was granted four days later and the United States entered the conflict. The Zimmermann telegram was a coded note sent by Germany's Foreign Minister, Arthur Zimmermann, in January 1917 with a message for the Mexican government. This approach, whereby German U-boats would attack merchant shipping without warning, had been briefly used in 1916 but was abandoned after strong protests by the United States. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. An official response was issued to Berlin on April 14, 1917, stating that Mexico had no interest in allying with the German cause. Zimmermann Telegram Most historians agree that American involvement in WW1 was inevitable by early 1917, but the march to war was accelerated by a letter penned by German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmermann. It would be too much to claim the Zimmermann Telegram single-handedly brought America into the War. The Zimmermann Telegram was intercepted and decoded by the British who in turn shared it with the United States. The telegram was then leaked to the American press and published to general amazement on 1 March 1917 (with credit attached to the American Secret Service rather than the British to avoid awkward questions of British manipulation). The telegram said that if Germany went to war with the United States, Germany promised to help Mexico recover . The Zimmerman telegram was a diplomatic note from the German government to the German embassy in Mexico. Germany would provide help to Mexico and Mexico would invade the US and take back Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Southern California. Eventually, the US obtained its own copy from the Western Union telegraphic company, and De Grey then decoded it himself in front of a representative at the US embassy in London. It proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico, in the event of the United States entering the First World War in support of the Allies. Q. On February 23, Page met with Foreign Minister Arthur Balfour and was shown the original ciphertext as well as the message in both German and English. On the morning of 17 January 1917, Nigel de Grey walked into his boss's office in Room 40 of the Admiralty, home of British code-breakers. 31, 2021, thoughtco.com/world-war-i-zimmerman-telegram-2361417. This message helped draw the United States into the war and thus changed the course of history. Kennedy Hickman is a historian, museum director, and curator who specializes in military and naval history. The Zimmermann Telegram was considered one of the tipping points which brought the United States into World War I. Thanks to their interception capability process, Britain's code-breakers were reading the message two days before the intended recipients (although they initially could not read all of it). www.youtube.com/bbcnews http://bit.ly/1rbfUog A decrypted German telegram intended for Mexico pushed the United States into World War One and prompted a wave of hostility on the US-Mexico. 2 Memorial Drive, WW1: The Zimmermann Telegram. The message - which would become known as the Zimmermann Telegram - had been handed, in code, to the American Embassy in Berlin at 15:00 on Tuesday 16 January. We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral. For the present, not a soul outside this room is to be told anything at all," Hall said after reading it. 48, no. April 6, 1917. World War I was a conflict that engulfed numerous countries from 1914 to 1918. Zimmermann Telegram. It proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico if the US did enter the war. The note asked the Mexican government to declare war on the United States and promised to help Mexico take back Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. The Zimmerman Telegram. Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann sends the following coded telegram to the German ambassador in Mexico, Heinrich von Eckhardt, for him to present to the Mexican government: We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. The note revealed a plan to renew unrestricted submarine warfare and to form an alliance with Mexico and Japan if the United States declared war on Germany. 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November 10, 2022 British authorities had the complete text of the war was inevitable spy Updated our Privacy policy, which the British controlled the sea lanes from Europe German Secretary Proposed that Germany and Mexico forge a military alliance //www.historyisnowmagazine.com/blog/2019/2/10/what-was-the-zimmermann-telegram-and-how-did-it-lead-to-america-entering-world-war-one '' > was the Zimmerman Note WW1
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