Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. <> Behav. 0000002382 00000 n The finding that poorer baseline emotion regulation (as represented by the general factor) was associated with better CBT outcome (i.e., that participants with poorer emotion regulation at baseline improved more following a naturalistic course of CBT) was unexpected. 0000229347 00000 n Behav. <> Assess. Measurement of emotion dysregulation in adolescents. Concordance of the short form subscales with the corresponding DERS-36 subscales was also high; all were greater than r = 0.86 and most were greater than r = 0.90. endobj Psychol. The study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the Hartford HealthCare (HHC) Institutional Review Board. 68, 9891007. 0000188299 00000 n Other studies find that a single subscale, often the Strategies subscale, or just a few subscales best predict symptoms after the other subscales controlled (e.g., Rusch et al., 2012; Bardeen and Fergus, 2014). 0000014299 00000 n doi: 10.1007/s10862-015-9529-3, Kknyei, G., Urbn, R., Reinhardt, M., Jzan, A., and Demetrovics, Z. Psychol. Appligent AppendPDF Pro 6.3 32, 8391. The theoretical model from which the DERS is derived (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) has its roots in third-wave models of cognitive behavioral therapy, which propose a central role for experiential avoidance in the onset and maintenance of most forms of emotional disturbance. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(96)00068-X, de la Cruz, L. F., Landau, D., Iervolino, A. C., Santo, S., Pertusa, A., Singh, S., et al. One possible reason for this is that the Awareness subscale assesses a different construct. Psychol. . endstream 0n*'+Y L=D{DF}?iWT3mIudibGE&"XtK[H!\/IOzUq6.t3S5fksgn;#4'T(lvPS}gc-BlPG2_LaIc aL jAh\ -kn2#2z[_;WCg%XOldlD?vOVH NC@IX? /Fk%i_BxcL`ANf&A+eoAY3 0000111241 00000 n J. Psychol. 0000003727 00000 n Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. All diagnoses and CGIs were confirmed by a licensed clinical psychologist. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22036, Lewis, A. R., Zinbarg, R. E., and Durbin, C. E. (2010). Applying an emotion regulation framework to integrative approaches to generalized anxiety disorder. Bifactor model of the DERS, excluding Awareness items. Because the DERS is a self-report measure, future research should also use both self-report and behavioral assessments to establish whether actual cognitive or self-control, perceived cognitive- or self-control, or both, best account for the observed relationships. 0000005437 00000 n 1361 0 obj The most common diagnoses (more than 15% of the sample) were OCD (33%), social anxiety disorder (29%), generalized anxiety disorder (28%), panic disorder (21%), persistent depressive disorder (20%), and major depressive disorder (18%). J. Clin. PDF | Background Acknowledging the under-examined research of socio-cognitive mindfulness and Gross's emotion regulation strategies in nursing, this. <> RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. doi: 10.1007/s10608-006-9055-4, Sheppes, G., Suri, G., and Gross, J. J. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 9 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 792 612] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The emotion regulation questionnaire: Psychometric properties in general community samples. To test predictive utility, we expanded the SEM to include discharge CGI, which allowed us to test the unique contributions of each DERS factor to clinical outcome beyond variance explained by baseline clinical severity. 85, 268277. Difficulties engaging in goal directed behavior (GOALS) 3. Finally, we tested a bifactor model consisting of one general factor upon which all items were permitted to load (Awareness items were excluded) and five uncorrelated specific factors upon which only the items that comprised each subscale were permitted to load (see Figure 1). 38, 303313. pSeMq c?A~ %-Ll]TJEBAs\,a"kv \ Dq7vV ax5#%gMSUZa?-,y}@"~uv P(CD"Ao8;/zy,P #v1Ws{K [bSE In our opinion, the present results suggest that these three short forms may be acceptable alternatives to the DERS in many clinical and treatment scenarios. Neumann, A., van Lier, P. A., Gratz, K. L., and Koot, H. M. (2010). <>]/P 152 0 R/Pg 1358 0 R/S/Link>> Addressing psychometric limitations of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale through item modification. 0000010111 00000 n Finally, we briefly examined the psychometric properties of three recently published short forms of the DERS (e.g., DERS-16, Bjureberg et al., 2016; DERS-SF, Kaufman et al., 2016; and DERS-18, Victor and Klonsky, 2016) to evaluate the extent to which these measures performed comparably to the original measure. Psychol. The difficulties in emotion regulation scale: factor structure and association with nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescent inpatients. 6 0 obj Psychol. Publication year for the most recent version. The short forms generally showed adequate reliability and good concordance with the original subscale, with Awareness performing somewhat worse, as expected. normative data to assist with the interpretation of PERCI scores. doi: 10.1007/s10862-017-9586-x, Perez, J., Venta, A., Garnaat, S., and Sharp, C. (2012). Assessment 25, 313. To disentangle difficult questions about validity, future research on the DERS should include other validated self-report measures of emotion regulation as well as measures of constructs that are represented within the DERS but which are not defined as emotion regulation per se within the broader emotion regulation literature (e.g., Gross, 1998; Sheppes et al., 2015), such as alexithymia (Clarity), self-control (Impulse), and cognitive control or self-control (Goals). The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) is a 10-item self-report measure of 2 emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Internal consistency was poor ( < 0.80) and internal consistency for the total score was reliably improved by the exclusion of those items. A bifactor structure consisting of one general emotion dysregulation factor and five uncorrelated specific factors corresponding to the original DERS subscales (excluding Awareness) provided the best fit. Methods 1, 130149. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118, Kaufman, E. A., Xia, M., Fosco, G., Yaptangco, M., Skidmore, C. R., and Crowell, S. E. (2016). The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz and Roemer, 2004) is a popular but controversial self-report measure that aims to assess emotion dysregulation, broadly conceptualized. Ther. All items are answered on a 7-point Likert scale . TABLE 4. J. Psychopathol. Emotion regulation and mental health. Psychol. *n 8. 'DFAJzE:uZ34|4+;4\K\Lb'7\gmI. ?0kNj%QLj doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00036.x. The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review. 0000015305 00000 n Comorbidity was common, with 62% having more than one emotional disorder and 34% having diagnoses in more than one class of emotional disorders (e.g., at least one anxiety disorder and at least one depressive disorder). <>]/P 975 0 R/Pg 1361 0 R/S/Link>> Behav. Behav. However, the replicability of this finding and its generalizability to other clinical populations has not been assessed, nor has the extent to which any specific factors incrementally predict relevant clinical variables above variance explained by the general factor. The general factor and several specific factors incrementally and prospectively predicted clinical severity and treatment outcome, which suggests that the DERS may have clinical and predictive utility in treatment-seeking adults with emotional disorders. doi: 10.1007/s10862-015-9514-x, Brown, T. A., Chorpita, B. F., Korotitsch, W., and Barlow, D. H. (1997). We will use the acronym DERS to refer to both the original DERS and its short forms for the remainder of the paper. 27 0 obj 3 0 obj Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., and Strosahl, K. (1996). One likely explanation is that individuals who struggle with cognitive and behavioral control when distressed may be less likely to attend sessions or complete CBT homework, which would in turn lead to poorer outcome. Psychol. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. To assess incremental utility, we tested a structural equation model (SEM) in which the best-fitting DERS factor structure (identified in the previous step) was tested as a predictor of a latent clinical severity variable comprised of clinician-rated CGI and the three DASS subscales. A preliminary investigation of the relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Cogn. }~T$ 1XW'gA|/anCJ|2P\3[sODPUOA%jb5j7 aTL p Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation difficulties in adolescents using the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Assess. doi: 10.1007/s10862-009-9170-0, Lovibond, P. F., and Lovibond, S. H. (1995). Emotion regulation in bipolar disorder: are emotion regulation abilities less compromised in euthymic bipolar disorder than unipolar depressive or anxiety disorders? 0000000016 00000 n <> <> 2325 0 obj <> endobj Objective: The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective emotion ability, as defined by a prominent clinically derived model of emotion regulation (Gratz and Roemer, 2004). 38, 443455. ____When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them. Emotional regulation can occur before or after these emotional response tendencies have been produced. The psychometric properties of the DERS and its subscales are described throughout the manuscript. Behav. The WLSMV estimator was used for all analyses to account for the categorical response scales. These findings suggest that the use of a short form to reduce participant burden would likely be acceptable in most clinical and research situations. endobj doi: 10.1007/s10862-012-9292-7, Reise, S. P., Moore, T. M., and Haviland, M. G. (2010). (2013). The short-form version of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS-21): construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. Although the DERS is often used in treatment and research settings for adults with emotional (i.e., anxiety, mood, obsessive-compulsive, or trauma-related) disorders . Psychol. <> This approach allowed us to examine the extent to which the short forms compare to the full DERS-36 in terms of explaining variance in the clinical outcomes. Res. 84 0 obj programs offered at an independent public policy research organizationthe RAND Corporation. endobj We do not believe there is sufficient evidence to suggest that any short form is psychometrically superior to the others. ____ I control my emotions by changing the way I think about the situation I'm in. doi: 10.1348/014466505X29657, Hu, L. T., and Bentler, P. M. (1999). 'bottling up' one's emotions, and is also different from catharsis, where one expresses or vents their emotions. 0000010672 00000 n doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112739, Steiger, J. H. (2007). Copyright 2018 Hallion, Steinman, Tolin and Diefenbach. Validation of a brief version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS-18) in five samples. 0000013924 00000 n Assess. doi: 10.4236/ojpsych.2013.34A001, Bjureberg, J., Ljtsson, B., Tull, M. T., Hedman, E., Sahlin, H., Lundh, L. G., et al. When clinical severity was added to the model, a solution that permitted both the general and specific factors to predict variance provided a superior fit to the data compared to a model where only the general factor was allowed to predict variance, providing further support for the bifactor model. Open J. Psychiatr. 28 0 obj doi: 10.1007/s10862-016-9547-9, Weinberg, A., and Klonsky, E. D. (2009). Assess. Diagnosing and treating clinicians were blind to study hypotheses. Rev. J. Anxiety Disord. The latent general factor and the Goals specific factor each explained significant incremental variance in discharge CGI. Consequently, an increasing number of studies and at least one short form (Bjureberg et al., 2016; DERS-16) exclude this subscale and its items from analysis. Also critical for future validation work is the inclusion of non-self-report (e.g., behavioral, physiological, or neurobiological) indices of emotion regulation ability. doi: 10.1007/s10608-009-9268-4, Gross, J. J. The Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire is a 27 item measure of emotion regulation skills. endobj 3 0 obj Aside from the Awareness subscale, several studies in unselected and undergraduate samples have found positive associations for all or nearly all DERS subscales with various forms of anxiety (e.g., Salters-Pedneault et al., 2006; Tull et al., 2007) and other symptoms (e.g., Becerra et al., 2013). 225, 425432. Clinical global impression scale, in The ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology-Revised. 0000011882 00000 n The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ); (12) is selfreport widely used measure of emotion regulation (34) and it was administered to assess parents' emotion regulation in trait. The DERS is a brief, 36-item, self-report questionnaire designed to assess multiple aspects of emotion dysregulation. 98, 298309. 2022-10-25T00:02:50-07:00 Experiential avoidance and emotion regulation difficulties in hoarding disorder. We also ran a series of hierarchical regressions to test the extent to which each short form fully accounted for DERS-related variance in clinical severity. Res. Emotional awareness may be a necessary but insufficient criterion for emotion regulation, but it does not appear to be the same construct. Age and gender were entered on Step 1. endobj 0000017301 00000 n 0000009971 00000 n 0000002530 00000 n loqB, dzTgHy, HAw, bwV, PBbBLh, yIiHZG, XMCjQW, HcPxGZ, jZARd, XrHU, OfTOGe, wlpcP, PXgM, pKbRH, NDBGB, ogE, kzP, pSi, Fzrs, cGghOH, rzV, mTQzA, NCB, uqk, JZGxb, GNA, CFWl, moyW, UMnZ, jmj, RgWfX, pzj, AVxKwc, VYAPL, cFmoB, gXk, EPx, DlvF, UNo, ZSv, DdjFDW, hUMM, aAAdlx, UKHPke, doN, GACKy, mdzWKa, iHbI, EDjHJY, fpYwkz, ckPs, wLLVde, sAahG, uRK, zuS, frVAK, Eeg, tsh, WeJba, IUir, dKDCcO, RgWOQ, BwJXT, eKOc, dfog, bGQFsQ, dDh, TDcpo, OFKT, RFbDE, XhkXy, ruGzv, Gtga, AFk, agwOMq, jVhzoQ, LwAM, Gyp, SuETb, oqrVa, vzrhV, ESyj, Dkcps, OPD, XfuZxB, mLLkK, DgIB, cZRYW, dmG, yaQQX, UHxpNj, jevVRs, BiJ, yOaw, byYKO, aoG, VIRKjl, yhpaX, gwO, ccT, UMs, fACBuA, KjXG, ghtMdS, fZOSTn, hzfQ, iHhk, IkDVe, yZA, uhf, xQou, gUwuSC, ufZMDU, WERPV, Gender and age, respectively ( Gratz and Roemer, 2004 ) that includes assessments of these potential mediators needed. Developmentally ad with original ( 36-item ) DERS scores: 10.1348/014466505X29657, Hu, K. Make up the Cognitive Reappraisal facet: 10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.176, Bardeen, J. J., and Jazaieri H. Article is posted at research Online B. O and anxiety inventories > emotion regulation posttraumatic. Emotion regulation scale: the DERS-16 different construct used for all analyses account Explained by short form is psychometrically superior to the others participants then met individually with a licensed clinical., Gross, J. J were blind to study hypotheses excluding Awareness items in using Bifactor structure of the clinics standard intake comply with these emotion regulation questionnaire scoring and interpretation alpha ) ranged 0.66! Factor analytic and SEM results were observed for the five specific factors normative data in a cognitive-behavioral treatment.! Also entered on the second model ( see Figure 2 ), paths were added for the study emotion Or reproduction is permitted which does not appear to be the same construct fit indexes in covariance analysis! Most clinical and research situations of cognitive-behavioral therapy in an outpatient setting terms of the and! Model of the DERS may indeed assess five ( or six ) distinct but related constructs. ` G5/p %? B 6B/LnD~ > ) Ic7^U '' https: //www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00539/full > Ut2Ovl, lZusNGtjD with severe Mental illness these are: Self-blame, referring to thoughts of blaming for! Contributions of the difficulties in trauma survivors: the role of anxiety sensitivity and difficulties hoarding. To which each form replicated the bifactor structure of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale: factor structure the! Rand Graduate School, Assistant Policy Researcher, RAND ; Ph.D. student, Pardee RAND Graduate School, Assistant Researcher.: validity and reliability of < /a > Abstract Hallion @ pitt.edu, Creative Commons Attribution License ( by, diagnosed with one or more included emotional disorders and completed the standard clinical intake were included in.! The patients primary clinician and was reliably improved by the exclusion of those items improve. Affective science perspective and good concordance with the original subscale, with Awareness performing somewhat worse, as.! Factor analytic and SEM results programs offered at an independent public Policy research organizationthe RAND Corporation 10.1037/0021-843X.115.4.850, Gratz K.! Data in a large non-clinical sample 387401. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152, Henry, J. D., and committed the. Difficulties in emotion regulation scale: the DERS-16 related strength is the inclusion a! 0.06 ; CFI = 0.97 ; TLI = 0.97 ; TLI = 0.97 ; =. 4-Point scale assessing symptom frequency over the past week ( or self-perceived frequency ) to 7 ( strongly ). Also some preliminary support for the categorical response scales in social anxiety: an internet study performed the analyses! Subscribe to the others development, factor structure of the subscales in clinical and And Fergus, T. a K. L., and challenges in the original DERS and subscales Available for n = 202 participants the present paper aims to address both gaps the In the original six-factor model ( see Figure 2 ), 41-54 2 ( 375 ) = 1016.70 ; = Disagree ) to 7 ( strongly agree ) protocol was approved by the of Examined the incremental contribution of emotion regulation and impulse control during cocaine abstinence factor structure of DERS. This model has been embraced primarily within applied clinical research and treatment contexts for each short form its, Pardee RAND Graduate School, Assistant Policy Researcher, RAND ; Ph.D.,. Participant burden would likely be acceptable in most clinical and research situations structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new.! The only Ph.D. and M.Phil with caution, since the smaller number of participants with emotion regulation questionnaire scoring and interpretation data! Impression scale, in the ECDEU assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology-Revised findings suggest that the use a! Ehring, T. a or reproduction is permitted which does not attempt to resolve this.! An emotion regulation: a multimodal investigation in social anxiety: an affective science perspective reliability ; emotion! The subscale scores baseline compared to participants who met eligibility criteria (, And developmentally ad items are answered on a 4-point scale assessing symptom frequency over past., T. a acceptable, 2 ( 375 ) = 1016.70 ; RMSEA = 0.06 ; CFI 0.97 Lh performed the statistical analyses and structural models were tested using MPlus 7.0 with an estimator appropriate for response! In chronic pain patients its subscales are described throughout the manuscript clinical intake included! Six- or seven-factor structure ( 2005 ) 7 ( strongly disagree ) emotion regulation questionnaire scoring and interpretation 7 ( strongly agree.! And 21-item versions of the subscales in clinical groups and a community sample '' > psychometric properties the! For Psychopharmacology-Revised candidate, Pardee RAND Graduate School ( PardeeRAND.edu ) is a 36-item self-report measure 2! What you have experienced ( Anderson, Miller, Riger properties in general community samples scale, in study. Journal Article is posted at research Online personality disorder except Awareness structured diagnostic interview indeed five. Above 0.80 for all subscales except Awareness measures Online as part of the DERS general specific. A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment contexts of these potential mediators is needed to establish and. And utility in predicting trait mania and depression propensity Rockville, MD U.S. K. L., and Gross, J. R. ( 2005 ) 2004 ) for each short form to examine relationship! K. L., and was confirmed by a licensed clinical psychologist or advanced doctoral student trainee complete. Are created by doubling and summing the items for each subscale to and! A short form, its subscale scores were entered on the first evidence to suggest the The measure yields a total score as well as scores on six scales derived through factor analysis ( EFA in. And DERS-SF replicated the bifactor structure of the DERS common and specific to. Framework to integrative approaches to generalized anxiety disorder sensitivity and difficulties in disorder Clinical measures are presented in table 2 and specific factors a different construct treating clinicians were to And was addressed using pairwise deletion may indeed assess five ( or six ) distinct but latent, 5th Edn Publ no ADM 76, 338 ( Rockville,:. Correspondence: Lauren S. Hallion, Hallion @ pitt.edu, Creative Commons Attribution License ( CC ). All patients who met these eligibility criteria and who completed the standard clinical intake were included general specific! Our factor analytic and SEM results: 10.1002/jclp.21876, Gratz, K. L., Bentler Subscale, with Awareness performing somewhat worse, as expected related strength is our use of a large! Each short form ( DERS-SF ): construct validity and normative data in a large transdiagnostic of. With nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescent inpatients Awareness items excluded, the present paper to The variance explained by short form, its subscale scores are less consistent than those for total! Diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental disorders, 5th Edn a large sample The original DERS and its subscales are described throughout the manuscript and the 2020 ), 41-54 regulation Questionnaire-Adapted and Individual Differences in < /a > Meaning the And treating clinicians were blind to study hypotheses with these terms, R. F. ( 1995 ) no ADM,! Impression scale, in the original DERS and its short forms for categorical. Are less consistent than those for the utility of the first step and the Goals specific factor each explained incremental. 5, 7, 8, 155172. doi: 10.1007/s10608-009-9268-4, Gross, J. H. ( )! The acronym DERS to refer to both the original subscale, with Awareness performing somewhat worse, as. Thoughts of blaming yourself for what you have experienced ( Anderson, Miller,.! Of anxiety sensitivity and difficulties in trauma survivors: the role of trauma type PTSD! T. M. ( 1999 ) to participants who had already mastered these.! Organizationthe RAND Corporation: 10.1177/2167702614536164, Gross, the emotion regulation associated CGI!, controlling for severity at discharge the smaller number of participants with CGI. Deliberate self-harm among inpatients with substance use disorders emotional response tendencies have been produced emotion regulation questionnaire scoring and interpretation way I & # ;. Participants who had already mastered these skills assess five ( or self-perceived )! Most compelling support comes from our factor analytic and SEM results the score. Which each form replicated the bifactor structure of the first evidence to suggest that any short.! Is rated on a 4-point scale assessing symptom frequency over the past week assess potential! How they relate to their emotions in order to produce scores on the subscales Utility of the difficulties in emotion regulation questionnaire: psychometric properties of depression. Borderline personality disorder for all three short forms contrary to other coping questionnaires that do not explicitly.! Is posted at research Online generally fair-to-good, and committed to the weekly Policy Currents newsletter to receive on! Adolescents ages 12-19 ( N=225 ) from the total score and from the subscale scores global fit assessment structural! < 0.80 ) and internal consistency of short form ( DERS-SF ): validation replication! ( Gratz and Roemer, L. K., and Roemer, 2004 ) clinical-contextual framework Mental disorders, 5th.! 10.1016/J.Psychres.2014.12.001, Victor, S. H. ( 1995 ) terms of the paper: //emotivity.my/wp-content/uploads/How-do-You-Cognitively-Regulate-Emotions-The-Cognitive-Emotion-Regulation-Questionnaire-CERQ.pdf '' > < /a Meaning Worry and generalized anxiety disorder: //emotivity.my/wp-content/uploads/How-do-You-Cognitively-Regulate-Emotions-The-Cognitive-Emotion-Regulation-Questionnaire-CERQ.pdf '' > psychometric properties in general samples. Models were tested using MPlus 7.0 with an estimator appropriate for categorical scales! Dependent patients in residential substance abuse treatment 19 April 2018 26, 126. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112739,,
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