why does chile want a new constitution

Chile has never come so close to abolishing the 1980 Constitution, implemented at the height of the dictatorship. This interview has been lightly edited for length and clarity. Please also read our Privacy Notice and Terms of Use, which became effective December 20, 2019. They elevate Indigenous peoples rights andautonomy,and they gesture at empowering local communities throughoutthe policymaking process. Magazines, Gabriel Boric on Leading Chile and Updating Its Constitution, Chile Is Trying To Shed the Last Remnants of Its Pinochet-Era Dictatorship, Or create a free account to access more articles, Why Chileans Rejected a New, Progressive Constitution. Apresidentialvictory forSichelor Kastcouldsignal that voters appetite for change has diminished,perhapstemperingtheConventions reformist impulses. But, why are people in this oasis of political stability and steady economic growth in South America willing to undo the bedrock of the system that has allowed Chile to prosper for so long? BecauseChile does not allow direct reelection,Pieracannotrun. This referendum was to determine whether or not Chileans. Analysts say some of the proposals it contained were too radical for most voters a majority of whom have made it clear they want a new constitution, just not this one. Now the real work begins, but it remainsunclear if theConventionsreform-oriented delegatescan open a new chapter inChilespolitical history. Schools, pensions and healthcare were all partially privatized. Eighty percent of voters approved the call for a new constitution, which was championed by left-wing congressman Gabriel Boric, who went on to become the country's president. September 6, 2022. You have reached your limit of 4 free articles. Thats where Vox comes in. With such high stakes, will the new constitution will help the country's leaders find ways to maintain economic success while ensuring greater equity for the 99 percent, or will this end up being a permanent trade off? By John Bartlett , a British multimedia journalist covering the politics . Our Future or a Neoliberal Dystopia - Stop the Wars at Home and Abroad! Since he forcefully supported the new constitution, many Chileans chose to reject it as a show of their general discontent and their specific resentment toward him. The democratic transitioncompounded the problem by leavingthe 1980Pinochet-eraconstitution in force. Yet when the protestseruptedin October 2019, it became clear that piecemeal reformshad beentoo little too late. But critics argued that the draft documentcomprising 388 articleswent too far, enshrining a long list of unworkable rights and equalities in law that would scare off investors and lead to chaos. Inflation is at a 28-year high, the pesos value at an all-time low, and violent crime is surging in Chile, with Borics approval rating now at 38%. Many on the Rightresisted theconstitutional processfrom the outset. By September 2021, the 155-member Constitutional Convention had gotten to work, its earliest decisions suggesting that Chile's new charter would break with the exclusionary politics of the past. We are a non-profit organization, wholly supported by The New School, and by the generosity of our sponsors and readers. The region is watching. Chiles present constitution is a holdover from the rule of Augusto Pinochet, the military leader who took over the country after overthrowing democratically elected socialist President Salvador Allende in 1973. The Pinochet-era constitution had been amended several times under democratic presidents, and former President Michelle Bachelet proposed a new constitution five days before the end of her term in 2018. As many as 3,400 people were forcibly disappeared, tortured, and murdered by the state security services, according to the International Commission on Missing Persons, and tens of thousands more suffered severe human rights abuses, according to Chiles National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation. Chile's current constitution was adopted in 1980, during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. The economic crises affecting Chile may distract Boric from the constitutional process going forward, the PUCs Negretto says. The new constitution was as told by media a progressive and more democratic constitution and would be a major shift from the Pinochet era constitution which was people unfriendly and supported commercialization of every service available to the general public. The system-wide dissatisfaction that sparked the 2019 protestshad deep roots. To learn more or opt-out, read our Cookie Policy. Chileans are still at the voting booths, though, and this is a mandatory vote, meaning that the final numbers could be quite different. Over time, the stark disparity bred strong resentment among working-class Chileans fed up with substandard public healthcare and education, students who can't afford rising tuition fees, the elderly who barely get by on meager public pensions, and indigenous people, who account for 9 percent of the population yet have no cultural or land rights. In Chiles 1980 constitution, Pinochet set out a plan for a 1988 plebiscite; on that date, people could vote on whether they wanted to keep him in office for a further eight years. When thePieragovernment imposed a public transit fare hike in October 2019, long-simmering angerfrom various economic and social sectorsexploded in the largest and most violent protests yet. Chile's current charter, written and passed in the midst of the Pinochet dictatorship, is one of the only constitutions in Latin America that doesn't acknowledge Indigenous people. Indeed, society may not fully understand what a constitution is and what a constitution does. 1931: Dictatorship of General Carlos Ibez ends and the military hands power back to politicians. A future attempt could draw on the positive elements of the old constitution and new ideas, Bunker adds. At the end of September, theConventionmadeits most difficult decision yet. Chilean voters resoundingly rejected a new, progressive constitution in a referendum on Sunday, following a nearly two-year process that aimed to reflect a broader array of voices in the. The assembly also had 17 seats reserved for members of Chiles two million strong Indigenous population. - GZERO Media , US midterms have major global implications, Inflation, war, climate headline at UN General Assembly, US voters think GOP can fix the economy, but can they? Help keep work like this free for all by making a gift to Vox today. The constitution also installed a unique electoral system designed to advantage theRight and constrain theLeft, one that favored incumbents and reduced turnover. The back story. The Conventionitselfbears some responsibility for blurring the boundariesbetween abstract principles and partisanconcerns. We aim to give research-driven, smart, and accessible information to everyone who wants it. We have updated our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use for Eurasia Group and its affiliates, including GZERO Media, to clarify the types of data we collect, how we collect it, how we use data and with whom we share data. Chileans want an equal change The legalization of abortion, stricter environmental laws, support for social projects, and the political and special situation of indigenous people are very specific issues where the wording of the new Constitution must be very balanced in order to achieve a national agreement, and therefore civil approval. It changes the Constitution of 1925 which had stablished the basis to a real socialdemocracy, not perfect, but an idea. The political and economic environment surrounding the rewrite also hurt the constitutions chances, Bunker says. By choosing I Accept, you consent to our use of cookies and other tracking technologies. The vote was the climactic result of weeks ofparalyzingdemonstrationsin 2019, asstudents,feminists, workers, Indigenous peoples, pensioners, and thousands of othershad takento the streetsto protesteconomic and socialinjustice. A woman holds booklets containing the new constitution during a demonstration in support of the Chilean new constitution, in Santiago, on Aug. 30, 2022. You can also contribute via. To quell what became known as the social explosion, the government initiated the process of replacing Pinochets constitution with a new text. Of course, nearly three decades of free and fair elections did lead to reforms. In a national referendum on Sunday, Chileans overwhelmingly voted in favor of a new constitution. The proposed new constitution has 388 Articles and 58 Transition Instructions. Faced with the necessity of voting on the rules of procedure,someLeftdelegates challengedthe2/3 supermajority thatthe current constitutionrequires forthe Convention to proceed. Chile soon became the most business-friendly South American nation, and its accumulated GDP expanded by an astounding 800 percent from 1990 to 2018. After all, the drafting of the new constitution followed protests that brought millions into the streets in October 2019. OncePierarealizedhehad the losing side,helobbied for a controlled process with limited popular input, proposingthat Congress draft the new charter. While polling had long suggested Chileans would reject the new constitution, most want to replace the current constitutionwhich former dictator Augusto Pinochet introduced in 1980. It was an explosion of anger that caught conservative President Sebastin Piera by surprise. On October 25 2020, the vast majority of Chileans voted to write a new constitution and to elect the 155 people who would write it. The strength of this electoral outcome is the result of a . Therequirement that a super-majority approveany and alltext of the new constitutionwill push delegates towards consensus,a tendency whichreassuresthosewho fearthe Conventionmightgo too farlike declaring neweconomic and social rightsthatcould bankrupt the state. The draft document would enshrine unprecedented rights and discard a Pinochet-era framework. Here are five things to know about possible factors behind the Sunday vote, in which 61.9 percent of voters rejected the draft constitution: Drafting disarray (In 2018, the income inequality gap between the top and bottom 10 percent was 65 percent higher than the average among the 37 OECD member countries and that was before COVID-19.). Only a few hours after polling closed, it was clear who had won. Introduction Why Does Chile Need a New Constitution? World Must Not Wash Its Hands of Afghanistan, Democracy and Nation-Building in Pakistan During Political Instability, Chile wants a new constitution. If the text is rejected, President Gabriel Boric has said a new constitutional process must be initiated to comply with a 2020 referendum where 80% of Chileans voted to draft a new constitution to replace the Pinochet-era text. Theyremain invested incarrying forth many Chileans visions ofchange. A year ago, the residents of Santiago took to the streets to reject a $0.04 fare hike for the capital's metro rail system. Copyright 20142022 The Editorial Board of Public Seminar, All Rights Reserved. Starving theConvention of resources is part of thegame. What we know so far about the 2022 midterms, in charts, Lauren Boeberts extremely tight race in a safe Republican district, explained, The ridiculous Twitter check mark situation just got more complicated, What wins for Medicaid and the minimum wage mean for the future of ballot initiatives. On September 4th, 2022, the people of Chile will vote in a referendum to accept or reject a new constitution. But Why is Sir Syeds Islam Not Taught? Proponents of the referendum envision a new charter that will enshrine more basic rights for all Chileans (especially free higher education and healthcare, as well as affordable housing and transportation), limit the role of the private sector, and expand public welfare to create a more equal society. Yettheir argumentscannot be separated frompartypolitics. Quotas ensured Indigenous participation in the process proportionate to the population sizeyet these delegates didnt represent the more conservative opinions of many Indigenous Chileans, Bunker says. When Chileans explain why they want a new constitution, they point to their demand to expand social rights. Critics say the Pinochet-era constitution has entrenched a neoliberal economic modelwhich promotes free market capitalism and deregulationthat has led to major inequality. By using our website you consent to our Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy, including the transfer of your personal data to the United States from your country of residence, and our use of cookies described in our Cookie Policy. The Oct. 25 referendum was a significant political concession by President Sebastin Piera after months of protests and riots last year that left an estimated $1.4 billion in damage. It was approved in a 1980 national plebiscite which the opposition says was rigged. Do you want a new constitution? Over time, the stark disparity bred strong resentment among working-class Chileans fed up with substandard public healthcare and education, students who can't afford rising tuition fees, the elderly who barely get by on meager public pensions, and indigenous people, who account for 9 percent of the population yet have no cultural or land rights. In this episode, I interview professor Robert Funk about the nation's political and constitutional challenges and what the new constitution may mean to Chile. For conservatives, this pronouncement far exceeded the Conventions authority. Being a non-Chilean I would like to know why did people rejected the new consitution. At stake are ideologicaldivisions that run deep. You can follow him on Twitter @FunkofChile . "The constitution that was written now leans too far to one side and does not have the vision of all Chileans," Roberto Briones, 41, said after voting in Chile's capital of Santiago. The new constitution would have given rights to Chile's indigenous people but voters have rejected the draft constitution Chileans have overwhelmingly rejected a draft text to replace their constitution, which dates from Augusto Pinochet's military dictatorship and is widely blamed for the country's deep-rooted social inequality. About 60% of the current constitution is made up of amendments, making it quite different from when it was unveiled under Pinochet. Its not the Pinochet constitution, yet we still feel that it is, Bunker says. exploded in the largest and most violent protests yet. The constitutionofferedthe appearance of democracy while limiting popular sovereignty. This result turned upside down all previous predictions which envisaged a very close result whichever was the winner. Here's why. But now that this unequal prosperity has, ultimately, come at a clear political cost, the country's next steps will be closely scrutinized. One of the main demands of the marches some of which turned violent was a new constitution. Our research on democratic governments and women's political participation explains why. Though opinion polls in Chile have been wrong before, the left is rightly . The budgetrejectedtheConventionsrequest foran additional several million Chilean pesosto supportstaffing and other operational expenses. Even though it has been amended almost 60 times, some feel a completely new document is needed. On October 25, 2020, with a participation of the electoral roll at over 50%, 78% of Chilean voters agreed to a new constitution for their country. In a national referendum on Sunday, Chileans overwhelmingly voted in favor of a new constitution. Here is a snippet from our interview with Professor Robert Funk of the University of Chile #Chile Oops. Advertising alone isnt enough to support it. -. In 2018, feminists captured national and global imaginationformarching and strikingagainst patriarchal privilege, rape, and sexual harassment. But if Boric manages to convince voters and lawmakers alike that another constitutional rewrite is essential to addressing key issues, he could turn the rejection around in his favor. To the right of Sichel isthe Republican Partys candidateJos Antonio Kast,anopen admirerof the Pinochet dictatorship. Yetthe democratic transition left Chiles neoliberal model intact. Pinochets defeat in the 1988plebiscitein which 56 percent of voters rejected an extension of his rule, Our Future vs. Neoliberalism - LA Progressive, Our Future vs. Neoliberalism Critical News Autoblog, Our Future vs. Neoliberalism Medea Benjamin & Nicolas J. S. Davies Kolozeg.Org. Let us remember that years ago one of the most important political changes in the recent history of the country began, the so-called spring in 2019, which led to the election of a Constituent Assembly, however, now the . After all, itsfirst official declarationcondemned the police brutalityused againstthe 2019 protesters and all other political detainees. At the time, he said in an interview that the process would start from scratch should Chileans reject the current proposal. Advertisement. The proposed charter is intended . The current charter dates from forty years ago, when Chile was still ruled by despot General Augusto Pinochet. Whetherthey succeed in theirmission to remake the Chilean polityremains unknown. His partyscandidateis political independentSebastin Sichel, whohas taken ahard lineon punishing protestorsbut has supported more aid for the poor. For others, misinformation has played a part in their distrust of the draft. Plus other problems was that the propposed constitution was saying that the state of Chile was plurinational, but on an extreme level there was going to be different codes of law and judicicial systems meaning there wasn't going to be equality under law. In a referendum, almost 62% voted against the progressive draft. A new constitution was a central demand of the 2019 protests, which left several dozen people dead, and shut down the capital, Santiago, for. They also supported electing a constituent assembly in April, which will set to work on a draft that could be ready for popular approval by 2022. It's working on creating an entirely new constitution. Nov. 11, 2019 3:33 PM PT. Most notably, in 2017, then-President Michelle Bachelet spearheaded thereplacementof the so-called binomialelectoralsystem with an open-list proportional representation system, including a 40 percent quota for women candidates that applied to all parties. SALAR DE ATACAMA, Chile Rarely does a country get a chance to lay out its ideals as a nation and write a new constitution for itself. Although the reforms enjoy widespread support among Chileans, opponents say that implementing a robust social safety net could stifle the country's economic prospects, and open up Chile to the political and economic upheavals that have plagued neighbors like Argentina. H ow is it possible that in October 2020, almost 80 percent of Chileans expressed their support for a new Constitution, drafted by citizens specifically elected to write itbut after a year of. On Sunday, October 25, 2020, in the midst of the coronavirus pandemic, Chileans were called to vote in the National Plebiscite of 2020. Democracy in Chilebecamerule byaninsularpolitical classlargely oriented towardspreserving the economic status quo. Looking ahead. This is a big deal, and here are 8 reasons why. They also supported electing a constituent assembly in April, which will set to work on a draft that could be ready for popular approval by 2022. September 11, 2022 On September 4, 2022, more than 13 million Chileans out of a voting-eligible population of approximately 15 millionvoted on a proposal to introduce a new constitution in. And it could turn Chilean society from fairly conservative to one of Latin Americas most liberal should it pass. After a year-long drafting and negotiation process, Chilean voters on Sunday rejected a new constitution that was hailed as one of the most democratic and leftist documents in the world. The explosion of social unrest was a crisis that forced us as a society to fundamentally question the model under which we have lived for the past thirty years and which has caused widespread discontent in Chilean society. And while the convention is drafting the new text, there will be presidential and legislative elections in November 2021. Alldelegatesin the Conventionhaveappealed todemocratic principles. But, why are people in this oasis of political stability and steady economic growth in South America willing to undo the bedrock of the system that has allowed Chile to prosper for so long? Pinochets defeat in the 1988plebiscitein which 56 percent of voters rejected an extension of his rulebrought about free and fair elections. Its a question of the legitimacy of its origin.. Pakistan Army Vowed to 'Remain Apolitical' in a Presser. The new constitution, hailed one of the most democratic documents in the world, came after a year-long drafting and negotiation process and was one of the most politically significant achievements of Chile's 36-year-old President Gabriel Boric.However, the plebiscite on Sunday, which saw nearly 62 per cent of the Chilean voters rejecting the document, has come as a massive political blow for . Additionally, 79% of voters agreed that the new text should be drafted by way of a constitutional convention. He now has the opportunity to start from scratch, Bunker says. Chile is currently undergoing a process of transformational change that is not only profound but also contradictory. The governing and opposition partiesfinallybrokered a 12-Point Agreement for Social Peace and a New Constitutionon November 15, 2019. More practically,avictorious rightwingcouldcontinue starvingthe Convention of resources,slowing its work even further. Conjuringmemories of the dictatorship,Pierawhose initial cabinetincluded politiciansthatsupportedthe detention and torture of prisoners during the Pinochet regimecalledprotestors a powerful and relentless enemy.Policeinjured scores of demonstrators by firing rubber bullets into their eyes andsubjecteddetainees to violence and even torture. The four-cent spark for it all. With such high stakes, will the new constitution will help the country's leaders find ways to maintain economic success while ensuring greater equity for the 99 percent, or will this end up being a permanent trade off? 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