In 1948, the US Board of Geographic Names designated the entire series as Diamond Shoals and assigned names to the individual shoals and sloughs (the channels between the shoals). Is this your business? 175 feet from shoreline. By 1810, most of the sand hill the lighthouse rested on had blown away exposing four feet of the foundation. The stairs and most other metal items are cast, rolled, or drawn iron. The National Park Service. How did the Diamond Shoals get their name? In December 1870, the new lighthouse at Cape Hatteras, destined to become one of North Carolina's most enduring symbols, was lit for the first time. Also, the climbs can be stopped if temperatures inside the lighthouse become too hot. Shell damage during the war & structural deterioration prompted the construction of a replacement lighthouse in 1870, the one we enjoy today. Q. The street address is: 46379 Lighthouse Road Flashes every 7.5 seconds. Built by Henry Dearborn, the first Cape Hatteras lighthouse was lit in 1803. Photograph from Moving Hatteras: Relocating the Cape Hatteras Light Station to Safety by Bruce Roberts and Cheryl Shelton-Roberts. In 1868, responding to complaints that low-lying fog often obscured the beam, Congress authorized funds for the present structure. Minus the plastic netting and steel mesh floor, which are NPS visitor safety equipment, this was originally a sand pit that was provided in case the weight cable of the clockwork mechanism parted causing the weight to free-fall down the tower. What is the metal tank just above the first floor? Working with the natural conditions, the foreman, Dexter Stetson, used a floating foundation for the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse. Modifications included raising tower to 150 ft. and installing a new first order Fresnel lens that utilized prisms and focusing lenses to concentrate the light from an oil fired flame into a powerful beacon. Come 1920 just a half-century later the ocean had advanced within 300 feet of the station. Photograph on right byJohn Buie. There was a very short experiment at Cape Hatteras using porpoise oil. A twice-over pulley takes half as much effort, but takes twice as long. On one day, the Principal Keeper may take the 8 pm to midnight watch, the 1st Assistant Keeper would take the midnight to 4 am watch, and the 2nd Assistant Keeper would take the 4 to 8 am watch. They worked at the lighthouse performing maintenance, repair, and administrative duties. The hardy can climb the 268 steps to the top for a magnificent view of the shoreline. provide adequate data to the mariner to assist with location determination. The familiar black and white stripes were painted in 1873. The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country, as well as the tallest lighthouse of any kind in the state of North Carolina. They lost, however, and the nation's tallest brick lighthouse built in 1870 at 198.49 feet was put on rails and rolled to a new home on Hatteras Island. The fuel for the lamp was extremely valuable and, when it was being moved, the keeper was required to keep it in his possession. Light shines again but extensive repairs needed and studies show it would be less costly to replace the tower with a new tower. After it was lifted, the tower moved along to its new location 2,900 feet to the southwest on steel mats starting on June 17, 1999. Their lights may appear to either glow constantly (fixed) or flash at different rates. With today's navigational technology, is it still a useful aid-to-navigation? After the 1880s, keepers wore dark blue wool dress uniforms or fatigues. Final cost $167.500. The 1000-watt lamp was 125 feet above the water and was visible for 22 nautical miles. Protecting one of the most treacherous stretches of the Outer Banks, with a beam of light that spans 20 miles into the ocean, the lighthouse is also the world's tallest brick lighthouse at a staggering 208' ft. tall. The vandalized Fresnel lens was removed in 1949 and stored. The light station was whole once again with all the buildings being in the same relative position as they were originally. The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse has seen a lot since the first-order Fresnel lens was first lit in 1870. If a storm eroded the sand or the fresh water was disturbed by salt water intrusion, the timbers would rot and the foundation would eventually fail. The first step of the process on the lighthouse itself was to mine underneath the foundation, Jakubik starts off. A once-over pulley gives no mechanical advantage; it still takes 6000 ft-lbs. The present lighthouse, officially completed & lit in December 1870, is the second built of three that have been constructed in Buxton. 134' 4" above the ground (even with the top of the sixth landing window), the two walls merge. Why are there so many lighthouses in North Carolina ? The tallest lighthouse is Cape Hatteras, NC (196 ft. built in 1872). In any case, the stripes were painted in 1873. Other reports say that the whole tower wasoriginally red. However, construction did not begin until 1799. The cast iron casement window trim, and the weight set and its hardware are gone. By 1970, this process, which has caused the gradual westward migration of the Outer Banks for at least the past 10,000 years, left the lighthouse just 120 feet from the oceans edge and almost certain destruction. The 'flash' is visible when the beacon points at you. Funding was finally appropriated by Congress beginning in fiscal year 1998. This has been observed ever since there were keepers here, Cabral says. The move gave rise to divisiveness formerly unseen by this close-knit community of hardy islanders but thats only because everyone cared so deeply about it. Photo, Island Free Press A Special Use Permit is required for weddings by the National Park Service (at least 45 days in advance), but at a small cost (around $100), the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse is an attractive backdrop for Hatteras Island destination wedding couples. Is the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse operational? The "new" lighthouse was finished by 1853, but just a couple years later after a number of rough storms, it was in need of extensive repairs. Today the Hatteras Lighthouse is a popular tourist attraction. The new lighthouse was constructed in 1870, and cost $167,000. There are two black and white stripes on the tower, each stripe circles the lower tower 1-1/2 times, and all are wider on the bottom than on the top. But by the time the 1950s rolled around, erosion had slowed and the light was relit. The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse on rails as it was being relocated in 1999. In 1968, a Texas" tower light stationa structure similar to an offshore oil rigwas completed out on the Diamond Shoals and called the Diamond Shoals Light Station. Incredibly, not a single brick was lost in the move. Why was the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse moved? The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse is normally open from the third Friday in April through Columbus Day in October. Experimental artificial sea grass is placed on shoreline. At this point it was ready to roll. of glass and bronze made up the 12 foot tall first order assembly. Where was the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse moved to? , On April 18th, lighthouse reopens to the public. The original foundation was about 7-' deep and was made of 6"x12"x12' crossed, yellow pine timbers submerged in water, topped with granite boulders cemented together. Of all the chapters in its 146-year history, its most recent is the one to prove it. Originally, the keepers painted the tower using bosuns chairs, taking up to 4 months every 610 years. The Cape Hatteras light marked very dangerous shoals which extend from the cape for a distance of 10 nautical miles. Due to threatening beach erosion, the Bureau of Lighthouses decommissioned the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse in 1935. It took 23 days. How thick and solid are the walls? In the 19th century, coasting (sailing along the coast) was a simple, reliable form of navigation; and in case of trouble, the shore was within easy reach. Bake for 25-35 minutes, until puffed and golden. He had successfully orchestrated the relocations of several smaller lighthouses around the country before he became project manager for this move. Much of the exposed ironwork of the lower gallery, some of the stairs and all their anchor bolts, and the windows are replacements. And sometimes, when people care deeply, they care loudly. They were guided by fairleads that would control the descent. The lower 70 feet of the tower remained white and the top 80 feet was red. Then a steel beam mat was inserted over the timber mat with temporary posts on top. The key to preserving the 1870 tower is its "floating foundation". The original light was Argand style lamps mounted in front of parabolic reflectors. What has been removed, repaired, or replaced in the structure? But in the late 1990s, the receding shoreline got to be too much for the trusty lighthouse with its iconic barber pole stripes. This changed when the tower was extended with a brick addition in 1854. Ticket sales close at 4:25 pm. The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse is located HERE in the town of Buxton on Hatteras Island, in the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Degrees Minutes Seconds: 35 15' 4.3302", 75 31' 41.4336". The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse is the biggest and baddest when it comes to reputation. The new Cape Hatteras Lighthouse was completed in about 2 years at a cost of $167,000. GE makes the bulbs. The Principal Keeper and his family lived in the small house that was built in 1870. After 57 years, the lens and pedestal assembly were reunited and can now be viewed at the Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum, in Hatteras Village, just 10 miles to the southwest of the lighthouse. All of them! The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse, with its black and white candy-cane stripes, is one of the most famous and recognizable lighthouses in the world. "The tower would sway backward and forward like a tree shaken by the wind. No and this practice was never allowed in US lighthouses. NPS requests independent study to save the lighthouse. The light has always been white; at other lighthouses, red and green have also been used (mainly harbor and range lights because color reduces the range of the beam). In 1987, the NPS requested the assistance of the National Academy of Sciences, a group of scientists and engineers who advise the federal government on technical matters. This lighthouse was nick-named after Hamilton and was called Hamilton's Light. They were large brass or tin tanks that ranged in size from 50 to 100 gallons each. When the second Cape Hatteras lighthouse was built in 1870, a solid 1,500 feet separated it from the shoreline. The defunct Cape Hatteras Lighthouse was transferred to the National Park Service in 1937, and through the efforts of the Civilian Conservation Corps and a helping hand from Mother Nature, the shoreline around the lighthouse built up. We use cookies for measurement, ads, and optimization. They are halogen/argon filled, with a tungsten filament, and cost about $240 each. The Fresnel lens was vandalized in the 1940s when the older lighthouse stood empty during those years. No. Black and white daymark striping ordered by the Lighthouse Board. Is the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse still a functional navigational aid? However, problems can occur in areas such as the central/southern Atlantic coast of the United States. Has it been in continuous service since 1803? Learn the simple steps you can take to improve your safety. The keepers did not live in the lighthouse but, when they were on duty, they would be found in the watch room at the top of the tower. Some extras went into the facade and walls of the 1871 Principal Keeper's Quarters (however, there are two kinds of brick in inside quarters walls. Lighthouse closes to the public on June 11th due to repairs needing to be done on the stairs. It wasnt long before the tides of the Atlantic began to encroach its base. Each one had a petcock at the bottom from which the keeper would draw his daily supply of lamp oil into his oil can. Like the wind and rain of a winter noreaster, the love thats shared for this lighthouse is something fierce. In the 1960s and 1970s, as the ocean continued to creep closer, various attempts to "stabilize" the coast included beach nourishment and three new groins installed north of the lighthouse. Q. What are the numbers on the landing walls? The first lighthouse of Cape Hatteras was built in the year 1803 after Alexander Hamilton requested funding for a lighthouse in the area. Even then, however, storm-driven tides completely washed over Hatteras Island, eroding sand from the ocean side of the island and depositing it on the sound side. As long as the sand surrounding the foundation remained in place, and the timbers remained bathed by the fresh water in which they were placed in 1868, the foundation was secure. Sunset behind the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse, safe . How many storms has it survived? There were three lightships: Q. The lighthouse was there, and it was saved.. Along the Outer and Core Banks of North Carolina, the Currituck Beach Light is unpainted, red brick; Bodie Island is banded black and white; Cape Hatteras is black and white spiral stripes; Ocracoke is white; and Cape Lookout is black and white checkerboard. The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse protects one of the most hazardous sections of the Atlantic Coast. It is located off NC Route 12 in Buxton. Q. "Save the Lighthouse Committee" formed by US Senator Helms, Governor Hunt of North Carolina, and others. In this case, over 1,000 prisms were used and, all told, about 2,500 lb. About 150 hurricanes and countless nor'easters have affected the Outer Banks since 1548, since Europeans were here (who knows how many more before Europeans arrival). A three-year process that included public meetings yielded several alternatives. He explains the move and its preparatory work, which began at the end of 1998, in simple terms. At each lift level, jacks were retracted and shored up in sequence and the system lifted again to 6 feet. Usually, in towers of this type the weights of the clockwork mechanism in the lens assembly would drop directly down the center of the tower, suspended from a wire cable. A number of hurricanes, some monumental nor'easters, being jacked up and put on a giant flatbed to be moved a half mile, even the effects of an earthquake. Made of sandstone, it was 90 feet tall with a lamp powered by whale oil. The large, square, 350-gallon tank was used for the storage of kerosene to light the lamp in the Fresnel lens. The Fresnel lens installed in the 1870 lighthouse was powered by kerosene and could be seen approximately 16 miles from the shore. The windows themselves are modern replacements for the original iron framed casements. How many bricks were used? After decades of complaints, the US Government added 60' feet to the height of the lighthouse, making it 150' ft. tall, and painted the bottom half bright red to make it stand out during the day. By 1849, the light had been upgraded to fifteen 21 reflectors. Its predecessor, which had to be replaced as it was ineffective for passing ships, was built in 1803. The keeper on watch at the end of the night would be responsible for all morning maintenance of the lamp and lens to prepare them for the upcoming night. In 1972, the beacon was increased to 800,000 candlepower. What were the alcoves on the first floor used for? One account says 230 ships of over 50 tons sank here from 1866 to 1945. Known as one of the most beautiful stretches of pavement (and water) in North Carolina, the Outer Banks Scenic Byway is an attraction in its own right, and is a perfect destination for a lazy day-trip or weekend getaway where all the adventures take place on the road. Ticker sales begin at 9am and climbs happen every 10 minutes (maximum 30 climbers per time slot). From 1988 to 1995, the relocation option was debated and discussed, with no funding requests made at the Congressional level or concerted fund-raising campaigns undertaken in the private sector. The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse was moved 2,900 feet from its original location to a more protected spot just south and slightly inland of its original site. Hatteras had to move, or it would eventually be besieged by waves in the decades to come. This is the beacon that is present today. She freelances from Nashville, Tennessee. Each 1,000- watt bulb (120 volts - same as your house), less than 10 inches tall, puts out an 800,000-candlepower beam focused by two parabolic reflectors. As moving technology advanced during the decade and additional information became available about relocation versus the approved seawall, the National Park Service examined the alternative that allowed it to accommodate natural processes while still preserving the historic structures of the light station. Visitors can stay in the town of Buxton, where the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse resides. Does the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse have a gift shop? Construction completed. The new lighthouse was lit on December 16, 1870. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) began building sand dunes along the Outer Banks to aid in erosion control. The foundation below the present lighthouse is a 60'x60'x4 steel reinforced concrete pad, plus five feet of 147,000 high-density bricks and 1- to 2 feet of rock. In October 2006, the lens pedestal and clockwork assembly were removed. To accomplish this feat, the original foundation down to the pine timbers was replaced by temporary shoring beams and supports. The National Park Service also considered this the best overall solution in that it would preserve the structures and accommodate the natural shoreline processes. Ticket sales begin at 9:00 am and climbs begin at 9 am, running every 10 minutes with a limit of 30 visitors per climb. Lantern room glass has been replaced many times. The first 90' ft. lighthouse was authorized in 1794 and completed construction by 1803, but it was soon apparent that this first sandstone lighthouse was ineffective in protecting passing ships from the deadly Diamond Shoals. domain = "icwnet.net"; Construction of a lighthouse at Cape Hatteras was first authorized in 1794 when Congress recognized the danger posed to Atlantic shipping. Featuring an octagonal tower made of sandstone, the lighthouse stood 95 feet above sea level with a lamp powered by whale oil. The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse was constructed in 1802. Fifteen years later, the 1870 lighthouse was again put back in operation, as erosion patterns changed. In 1999, after years of study and debate, the Cape Hatteras Light Station was moved to its present location. Leased to US Coast Guard for use as observation tower during WWII. In many shorter lighthouses, cranking was needed every few hours. This current forces southbound ships into a dangerous twelve-mile long sandbar called Diamond Shoals. Inner wood doors with glass lights were removed from the top and bottom entries, along with glass transoms at the bottom; they were removed during the restoration and are said to be in storage by the USCG. 1,250,000 were ordered from a Baltimore firm; the exact number used is unknown, but this figure tallies closely with the engineering estimates. A number of the crew went on to assist on the Bodie Island Lighthouse project. To get to the Ocracoke Lighthouse, drive south on NC 12 to the town of Hatteras; then take the free ferry (40 minute ride) over to the island. The National Park Service currently maintains the lighthouse and the keepers quarters. The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse received the famous black and white stripe daymark pattern in 1873. 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