Where the rock surface is soft, the river valley is generally open. Life Namibia is Africas most arid country south of the Sahara Desert, according to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Further downstream, the land is flatter, and the river is used extensively for irrigation. The goal of this project is to provide resource managers with critical information on the impacts of climate change on flow in the Red River Basin. Economist Tom Spreen discussed the impact of imports in the United States orange juice (OJ) market at the Sept. 16 Florida Citrus Commission meeting. Climate change has the potential to alter substantially river flow regimes, as shown in a large number of modelling studies undertaken in many different environments. Development on the rivers needs to be done in a responsible and coordinated manner. The water of the Orange River is used for many sectors in these countries, with. equivalent to about 77% of the land area of South Africa (1,221,037km2 (471,445sqmi)). If Tropical Storm Nicole makes landfall as a Category 1 hurricane as projected, it would be the first November hurricane to hit the U.S. in 37 years. About 30 organisations and individuals participated in the WCD meeting to review our scoping paper in which we outlined our strategy for the Orange river study. However, the riverine ecological work undertaken as part of LORMS has focussed on the river reach between Augrabies and Onseepkans, with some limited consideration of the upstream sections of the study area, in particular the reach near Boegoeberg. Eskom operates hydroelectric power stations at both the Gariep Dam and the Vanderkloof Dam. Those interested in participating directly, or in submitting relevant information are warmly invited to do so (see panel below). Jamie Skinner* reports on reaction to the Orange river pilot case study. Pollution enters the river, sometimes in small amounts, at many different locations along the length of the river. Water is delivered to South Africa by means of the delivery tunnel which passes under the Lesotho South Africa border at the Caledon River, and then under the Little Caledon River south of Clarens in the Free State, and discharges into the Ash River about 30 kilometres (19mi) further to the north. Corrections? A network of bright rectangles of varying shades of green contrasts with surroundings of gray, beige, tan, and rust. Orange Riverproducts have a full range of workwear line from top, bottom and accessories. The river is a key water resource in Namibia, South Africa, Botswana and Lesotho (Lange et al., 2007). September 30, 2020 Orange Juice. Sasolburg is in the northern Free State province, south of Johannesburg. Do many large rivers empty into the Bay of Bengal? In order to support the development of our case study methodology, the WCD Secretariat has undertaken a pilot study of the Gariep and VanderKloof dams on the Orange river in South Africa. Naturally, the Company struggles to attract talent as a result - an issue that has led the firm to introducing a bursary scheme in the . The lower reaches of the river are most popular, because of the spectacular topography. The river was tame on July 28, 1769, when the first Europeans crossed . The ORP was built to exploit the waters of the Orange Riverwhich, without the Vaal River, represents some 14.1% of the total runoff in South Africaand in the process, to satisfy an increasing demand for water. To motivate for legislation that identifies certain wild and scenic places that should never be developed Historically, the river played an important role in the South African diamond rush, with the first diamonds in the country being discovered in alluvial deposits on the Orange. Caption by Michon Scott based on information provided by Guido Van Langenhove, Hydrological Services Namibia, Department of Water Affairs. The Orange River mouth (ORM), at the end of the longest river in South Africa, is one of few perennial wetlands on the arid south-west African coast. River turns orange after waste contamination 01:14 Health risks to power plant regulation rollback Story highlights A sample finds lead level in the Animas River nearly 12,000 times higher. Commercial tours are available, and these expeditions depart from the border town of Vioolsdrif. Flow velocity is determined by two things. THE mighty Orange River has run dry at Aussenkehr and Noordoewer because of suspected mismanagement of water in the Orange-Vaal river system. Intensification of RWT will have adverse impacts in terms of a decrease of river DO saturation levels, where most of the river water quality standards are defined based on such saturation. The region's winds generally blow north to south, sculpting the dunes and picking up loose sand and dust. Image of the Day Diamond mines also operate on the middle stretch of the river. Hopetown, South Africa - September 23, 2012: White water rafting: Unidentified people on an inflatable raft going down Hell's Gate in the Gariep River (Orange River). Costing about US$2.5B (1998 dollars), the Orange river development project was conceived at the height of apartheid, between 1961 and 1970. Conclusive evidence is hard to. Such evaluation may sound like a straightforward task, yet the WCD secretariat staff constantly are struck by the lack of post-completion project evaluations, undertaken by independent parties, for such huge infrastructure projects involving billions of dollars. The river was named the Orange River in honour of the Dutch ruling family, the House of Orange, by the Dutch explorer Robert Jacob Gordon. The gap in the southern end of the bars is maintained by the outflow of water from the river mouth during low tides and by the tidal inflow at high tides. (1998). Except for Upington, it does not pass through any major cities. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Today, several commercial diamond mines operate on the last stretch of the river, as well as the beaches around its mouth. On the border, the river passes the town of Vioolsdrif, the main border post between South Africa and Namibia. It is an international river basin, encompassing the whole of Lesotho, the urban-industrial complex of Gauteng Province in South Africa, the cereal production areas of the central South African. Irrigation in the vast area downstream of the Vanderkloof Dam, which has turned thousands of hectares of arid veld into highly productive agricultural land, was made possible by the construction of the Gariep and Vanderkloof Dams. The vegetation of South . While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The project was to provide irrigation to 310,000ha of agricultural land and it incorporates an 80km-long tunnel to transfer water from the Orange to the Fish and Sundays basins for irrigation and municipal supply. The above two projects are being driven by the same company a consortium between the Tasmanian Government and a South African company. The Richie Falls are the second highest falls on the river after Augrabies and the area includes the beautiful Orange Gorge. The concentrations, or specific levels of total phosphorus and nitrogen in the water, would best be limited to 0.15 milligrams per liter (0.15 parts per million) and 1.15 mg/l (1.15 ppm), respectively. Without this improvement, the citrus farmers along the Lower Sundays River would almost certainly have continued to suffer losses of productivity. Along the banks of this river, roughly 100 kilometers (60 miles) inland from where the river empties into the Atlantic Ocean, irrigation projects take advantage of water from the river and soils from the floodplains to grow produce, turning parts of a normally earth-toned landscape emerald green. Pollution Pollution is difficult to control because it is often the result of human infrastructure around a river. Conversely, summer maximum temperatures increase from east to west, the high exceeding 86 F (30 C) on an average 5 days per year in Lesotho and 150 days per year in the west. Irrigation in the Eastern Cape has also received a tremendous boost, not only from the additional water being made available, but also owing to improvement in water quality. 8 9 weather and climate and associated hazardsrivers, floods and management Figure 2 Rapids at a knick point Figure 1 Rejuvenation and a river's long profile In this section you will learn about: the processes of rejuvenation the impact of rejuvenation Beforthe characteristics and formation of knick points, waterfalls, river terraces, and incised It is in a horrific state due to pollution and filth, said Capetonian adventurer Ray Chaplin after navigating the length of the river. They feed the circle of accusation and counter-accusation, as each side defends its own perspective. The Orange River is the largest river in South Africa. Human Presence. The plan here is to build a massive road, construct concrete weirs across the whole river and divert most of the water away from the gorge and the falls and into a concrete canal to drive turbines. People who work in the mines have poor health and safety systems and there are some deaths caused by this. Parts of the Senqu River freeze in winter because of the high altitude there. Orange River rafting has become very popular with many companies using their camps along the river from which to operate. Because of its importance for waterbirds, the ORM is recognised as a Ramsar site and an Important Bird Area . It is the longest river in South Africa. Updates? Around 366,000km2 (141,000sqmi) (38%), however, are situated outside the country in Lesotho, Botswana, and Namibia. obtain due to the high variability of the local climate where natural variability tends to mask the more subtle influences of Climate Change. The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASAs Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite captured this true-color image on February 17, 2010. The Orange River rises in the Drakensberg Mountains along the border between South Africa and Lesotho, about 190 km (120 miles) west of the Indian Ocean and at an altitude of over 3,000 m. While in Lesotho, the river is known as the Senqu and parts of it freeze in winter, because of the altitude there. At the western point of the Free State, southwest of Kimberley, the Orange meets with its main tributary, the Vaal River, which forms much of the northern border of the province. A Preliminary Basin Profile Orange/Senqu River; Orange River Basin BAR Draft-November2005; The Problem of Water in Southern Africa and in Particular the Management of Water in South Africa; 3. To campaign to government for a moratorium on all dams, hydro schemes and weirs on the Orange until a comprehensive Strategic Environmental Assessment has been done on the entire river and surrounding areas, from source to sea. Here, the bed of the river is once again deeply incised. Following the scoping meeting, the WCD Secretariat and its South African consultants (including BKS Engineering, university professors and the National Institute for Economic Policy) undertook the necessary studies. A storm surge watch is in effect on the west coast along the Florida panhandle from the Ochlockonee River to Indian Pass, the hurricane center said late Tuesday. This will take place in and adjacent to the National Park and planning is already far advanced the EIA has already been concluded. And yet, only 10% of this mighty river is remains pristine wilderness, including its two mightiest waterfalls, the Augrabies Falls and the lesser known but equally impressive Richie Falls. The Orange River has no large animals. The Orange River serves as part of the border between Namibia and the Republic of South Africa. Some of the Oranges most rugged passages are found in the last section of the river, as it flows along the Richtersveld before turning west to the Namib coastal desert. They were unanimous in saying that they welcomed a study that would give a full overview of the historic, economic, social and environmental impacts of the project, rather than a single-sector report. Deep in the Kalahari, the river cuts through a moonscape of granite cliffs with the amazing Gariep Falls tumbling into the Orange River Gorge. The river's water is typically clear but rusty in colour, but . The Orange River plays an important role in the South African economy by providing water for irrigation and hydroelectric power. Wednesday afternoon, Orange County leaders are speaking on Tropical Storm Nicole and how the county is preparing for the storm's impacts. Canoeing South Africa Environmental Officer Samantha Braid brought a disturbing issue to CSAs General Manager Colin Simpkins attention. Little more than a year remains in the life of the World Commission on Dams (WCD). Senqu Catchment Scale. The Environmental Scoping (this report), with several appendices, including the . [7] It is known in isiZulu as isAngqu[8]. The mayor of Miami-Dade County . At Prieska it makes another sharp bend to the northwest, and this marks the beginning of its middle course. Arcadia orange grove. Some 33km (21mi) from its mouth, it is obstructed by rapids and sand bars and is generally not navigable for long stretches. The Augrabies Falls are located on this section of the Orange, where the river descends 122m (400ft) in a course of 26km (16mi). The towns Oviston and Oranjekrag were established to facilitate the construction and operation of the new infrastructure. First is gravity. The rising of the land, increases the gradient and makes the river flow swiftly. What is for sure is that, forgiving as the river is, a point will come when the impacts become too much and then it will too late our wilderness areas will all be gone and it will too late to do anything about it. The Orange River runs like a green thread across southern Africa, linking diverse climates, countries and people and sustaining life across our sub-continent. The plateau lies between the Drakensberg mountain range and the Maloti Mountains. The Orange River Gorge is the most spectacular and easy runnable white water section of the Orange River Rafting Spencerian. In Lesotho the Orange River is called the Sinqu (or Senqu) River. The U.S. program, codenamed . The Orange River begins 10,800 feet (3,300 meters) above sea level on a plateau, or raised, flat area, in the mountains of Lesotho. Conclusions. Even though South Africa has a generally temperate climate, 65 percent of the land is too arid to support agriculture. These are just the ones that I am personally aware of. From the Gariep (formerly Hendrik Verwoerd) Dam the Orange swings to the northwest to its confluence with the Vaal River. Two projectsthe Orange River Project and the Lesotho Highland Project, both in various stages of constructionhave been designed to meet the water demand for irrigation, urbanization, and economic development in the central industrial areas of South Africa. Rising in the snowy highlands of Lesotho as the Senqu, it winds its way through the deep gorges of the mountain kingdom before entering the grasslands of South Africa. In that time, the Commission has to develop a basis for making recommendations on the social, environmental, economic and institutional questions surrounding dams, and investigate alternatives. A river that is fairly flat is likely to have a slower flow velocity than one which is on a steep hill. The result of these phenomena is a tremendous increase in the rate of evaporation from east to west. In this section, the river flows first into the Gariep Dam and later into the Vanderkloof Dam. While it was relatively easy to identify the services delivered by the dams, it was difficult to evaluate the development effectiveness of those services. Please let me know if you are open to working together on this issue. 2006. But the impacts won't be felt just by people living and working along the 2,350-mile-long river. The most popular trips are four-day and six-day river trips that take place either along the gorge below the Augrabies Falls or along the Richtersveld area. [9] The early Dutch name for the river was just that translation, Groote Rivier, meaning "Great River". 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