After this point, the Belfast Brigade's strategy shifted from 'defence' to 'retaliation' and in January 1971, they began seeking out and attacking British Army and Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) patrols. The period was also costly for the IRA. The BBC television drama From There to Here featured the bombing. I knew that questions would be asked about what we were going to do; what is the right solution. The device exploded while he was driving on Carrydarragh road, near Moneymore, County Londonderry, on 31 May 1993, just a few miles from Cookstown. Prior to Ward's trial, McVerry's parents issued a statement via a solicitor confirming their son and Ward had never met nor married. [7] From the start, there was intermittent feuding between McKee's men and his former comrades in the Official IRA, as they vied for control of nationalist areas. John Hume and David Trimble jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. At. A delegation from Sinn Fin met with officials from the Northern Ireland Office. The two groups assassinated a number of each other's volunteers until the feud ended in June 1975. A Russia vs Germany match was to take place at Old Trafford in Manchester a day after the bombing. [38] Within twenty-four hours of the explosion, demands had been heard in the Parliament of the United Kingdom that Irish citizens entering Britain be required to carry passports and other forms of identification at all times. The IRA threw a time bomb into Springfield Road British Army/RUC base in Belfast, killing British Army Sergeant, During street disturbances, British soldiers shot dead two Catholic civilians (Desmond Beattie and Seamus Cusack) in. The bomb exploded ten minutes later, destroying the barracks. [46] On 20 June 1996, the IRA claimed responsibility for the bombing, and stated that it "sincerely regretted" causing injury to civilians. See also: The Troubles in Britain and Europe. In late 1997 and early 1998, loyalist paramilitaries carried out a spate of killings of Catholic civilians in response to the killing of Billy Wright by the Irish National Liberation Army. The level of IRA activity in the area did not show any real decline in the aftermath: in the two years before the Loughgall ambush the IRA killed seven people in East Tyrone and North Armagh, and eleven in the two years following the ambush. The youngest victim was 7-year-old Michelle Baird. Tony Banks stated in a SongFacts interview: I remember I wrote the song "One Man's Fool", which was on the Calling All Stations album [1997]. Up to 600 paramilitaries were arrested under the supergrass scheme, many of them from the Belfast Brigade. The bombing was condemned by British Prime Minister John Major and his government, by the opposition, and by individual members of parliament (MPs) as a "sickening", "callous" and "barbaric" terrorist attack. The unit, moving on two vehicles from the townland of Turnabarson, managed to snake into a heavy patrolled area to the firing point on Station Road and launched the shell by timer from a range of 70 yards (64m). Robert Gerard Sands (Irish: Roiberd Gearid Seachnasaigh; 9 March 1954 5 May 1981) was a member (and leader in the Maze prison) of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) who died on hunger strike while imprisoned at HM Prison Maze in Northern Ireland.Sands helped to plan the 1971 bombing of the Balmoral Furniture Company in Belfast, which was followed by a gun [112], Three active members of the security forces were killed by the East Tyrone Brigade during this period. She was then asked how she intended to travel to Ireland with very little money in her possession. Less than two weeks prior to her arrest, Ward obtained employment as a groom with Chipperfields Circus. Shortly thereafter, the circus relocated to the Cotswolds, arriving at Chipping Norton at approximately 2:30a.m. on 3 February. There were eight bombings and thirty-five arsons. The civil rights movement called for: 'one man, one vote'; the end to gerrymandered electoral boundaries; the end to discrimination in employment and in the allocation of public housing; repeal of the Special Powers Act; and the disbanding of the Ulster Special Constabulary.[5]. 2 May 1974: Up to 40 members from the IRA's East Tyrone Brigade attacked the isolated 6 UDR Deanery base in Clogher, County Tyrone with machine gun and RPG fire resulting in the death of Private Eva Martin, a UDR Greenfinch, the first female UDR soldier to be killed by enemy action. [8], Ward's appeals state that in the days prior to her arrest, she had most often slept rough around Euston station and Primrose Hill with a man named Ernest Mayall and a woman referred to in her appeal transcripts as a "Welsh girl", both of whom she later claimed to have first met in London on 8 February. She had nothing to do whatsoever with the [M62 coach bombing], the bombing of Euston station and the attack on Latimer Military College. Seven "incident centres" were established in nationalist areas to monitor the ceasefire and the response of the security forces. All rights reserved. 1st Battalion, the Staffordshire Regiment, A major ambush occurred on 12 December 1993 in Fivemiletown, Provisional Irish Republican Army campaign 19691997, "Bomb disposal experts Sunday probed an abandoned truck for", "SAS shooting 'destroyed deadly IRA unit', Loughgall terrorist could not have been arrested, "GAA distances itself from IRA commemorations", "Calculating, professional enemy that faces KOSB", "Land Mine Kills 7 (sic) British Soldiers on Bus in Ulster", "IRA Claims Killing of 8 Soldiers As It Steps Up Attacks on British", "Ex-Para 'led attack by IRA which killed Scots soldiers'", "Fears of new IRA atrocity after attack on helicopter", "Cappagh (Incident) (Hansard, 3 May 1990)", "21 die, hundreds injured in Philippine new year revelry", Listing of Programmes for the Year: 1992-UTV news, CAIN Listing of Programmes for the Year: 1992 BBC News, 5 March 1992, "I.R.A. The UVF killed 40 people in East Tyrone between 1988 and 1994. [67], Up until September 2022, Panter and Mutch were the only people to have been arrested in connection with the bombing. [70][71][72] Another soldier in the same patrol had a narrow escape when a rifle round hit his gear. The Deal barracks bombing was an attack by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) on the Royal Marine Depot, Deal, England. [101], The most enduring consequence of the M62 coach bombing was the adoption of much stricter anti-terrorism laws in Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The bomb exploded at 11:17am, causing an estimated 700million (1.4billion as of 2021)[38] of damage and affecting a third of the city centre's retail space. [39] The explosion could be heard up to 15 miles (24km) away and left a crater 15 metres wide. [59], Early in 1999, Steve Panter, chief crime reporter for the Manchester Evening News, leaked classified Special Branch documents naming those suspected of the bombing. The following day, Ward hitchhiked from Cardiff to Liverpool, arriving in Liverpool at approximately 11:30p.m. on 13 February. Political talks at Stormont began without Sinn Fin. [86] Many locals therefore considered that "the bomb was the best thing that ever happened to Manchester",[87] as it cleared the way for redevelopment of the dysfunctional city centre, a view also expressed in 2007 by Terry Rooney, MP for Bradford North. [7][9] A memorial bandstand was constructed at Walmer Green to the memory of those who "only ever wanted to play music". [1] It was the largest peacetime bomb ever detonated in Great Britain,[15] and the blast created a mushroom cloud which rose 300 metres (1,000 feet) from the ground. In the three days that followed the introduction of internment, there was fierce rioting and gun battles in nationalist areas of Belfast, as troops sought to enter these areas to arrest paramilitary suspects. [12][13], The M62 coach bomb has been described as "one of the IRA's worst mainland terror attacks" and remains one of the deadliest mainland acts of the Troubles. Early in the morning as he prepared to drive to work, two masked IRA gunmen who had been hiding behind trees walked over and shot him three times in the head, mortally wounding him. [65][66][67] Six paratroopers were charged with criminal damage in the aftermath, but were acquitted in 1993. The blast killed two people and caused an estimated 150million worth of damage. The strike was organised to demand a tougher security response from the government and a return to 'majority-rule' government at Stormont. Its members mixed the explosives in Ireland and shipped them by freight from Dublin to England. [79] The facilities targeted by "Barrack Buster" mortars included the above-mentioned Ballygawley barracks, a British Army border outpost at Aughnacloy,[80] the RUC barracks at Clogher[81] and Beragh,[80] both resulting in massive damage but no fatalities; two attacks on the RUC base in Caledon, which was also hit by gunfire in the second attack,[81][82] and the RUC compounds at Dungannon,[83] Fintona,[81] Carrickmore,[81] and Pomeroy. 8 July 1997: A landmine was planted by the IRA near Dungannon, leading to a bomb alert. No one has ever been arrested or convicted in connection with the Deal bombing. [citation needed], During the Troubles, the IRA Belfast Brigade lost a total of 105 of its members killed, the highest number of casualties suffered by the IRA in any one brigade area. One of the most notorious of these attacks came on 13 August 1975, when an IRA team led by Brendan McFarlane machine-gunned Bayardo's Bar on Belfast's Protestant Shankill Road, killing five people and injuring over 50. The PIRA carried out a series of attacks in Belfast targeting alleged loyalists, killing four people. While, during the 1970s, the Brigade had been the most active of the IRA's command areas, in the 1980s and 1990s, the IRA's rural units became relatively more important within the organisation. 2002", "BBC News | Latest News | Car bomb kills Northern Ireland lawyer", The Maze gives up its terrorists for the final time, "Security tight in London in wake of MI6 attack", Northern Ireland timeline: May 2000 to September 2001, 50 police officers injured in Belfast riots, "Michael Stone guilty of attempted murder of Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness", Loyalist killer Michael Stone jailed for 16 years, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Troubles&oldid=1118182443, Timelines of military conflicts since 1945, Articles with dead external links from August 2017, Articles with dead external links from April 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from October 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. It was not until 1998 that the police finally sent their file to the CPS, who decided not to prosecute. Incidentally, the RUC vehicle was carrying in custody Pat Treanor, a Sinn Fin councillor from Clones, a border town in County Monaghan, Republic of Ireland. The PIRA exploded bombs in Belfast, Derry. [citation needed]. see also: The Troubles in Ireland [53] Author Brendan O'Brien reports a witness claiming that some of the men were wounded and tried to surrender but were killed by the British soldiers. It took place at 8:22 am on 22 September 1989, when the IRA exploded a time bomb at the Royal Marines School of Music building. The M62 coach bombing, sometimes referred to as the M62 Massacre, occurred on 4 February 1974 on the M62 motorway in northern England, when a 25-pound (11 kg) Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) bomb hidden inside the luggage locker of a coach carrying off-duty British Armed Forces personnel and their family members exploded, killing twelve people (nine Marks & Spencer, the sky bridge connecting it with the Arndale Centre, and neighbouring buildings were destroyed. After the purchase price was delivered in cash by a taxi driver, the dealer was instructed to take the van to a nearby lorry park, and leave it there with the keys and documents hidden inside. 14 March 1972: A two-man IRA unit armed with sub-machine guns ambushed a joint British Army/RUC patrol on Brackaville Road outside Coalisland, County Tyrone. The loyalist Ulster Defence Association in turn threatened to burn the houses if they were occupied by Catholics. On 26 June 1996, Michael Heseltine, the Deputy Prime Minister, announced an international competition for designs of the redevelopment of the bomb-affected area. - Free Online Library", "Bomb Goes Off in Ulster Jail, Killing Inmate, Wounding 8", RUC man tells of call from colleague inquest told of threats made on phone, A Chronology of the Conflict February 1992, A Chronology of the Conflict September 1992, A Chronology of the Conflict March 1993, A Chronology of the Conflict October 1993, "The Telegraph - Google News Archive Search", A Chronology of the Conflict August 1994, A Chronology of the Conflict October 1994, "BBC - Manchester - Features - Countdown to terror", A Chronology of the Conflict October 1996, Business | Bomb Scare Cancels British Horse Race | Seattle Times Newspaper, Provos in crisis talks to try to restrain hardliners, "IRA dissidents are suspected of being behind car-bomb blast in Banbridge", "Readers recall awful day bombers targeted town", "Draft List of Deaths Related to the Conflict. The three may have felt that as the IRA suspects were already in police custody they were no longer a threat, or that to pursue the case against them may have jeopardised ongoing undercover operations. [83] Until Margaret Thatcher's third consecutive election victory in 1987, the staunchly Labour-controlled Manchester Council believed that Manchester's regeneration should be funded solely by public money, despite the government's insistence on only funding schemes with a significant element of private investment. You can unsubscribe whenever you want. This pattern of paramilitary violence, followed by increasingly restrictive measures on the behalf of the authorities came to define the run-up to the Troubles. While fleeing the scene, the bombers shot and injured a police officer and two of the bombers were The heavy projectile landed at the rear of the small base without exploding, forcing the evacuation of Coronation Park housing state. [89][82], On 6 June 1993, an IRA unit converted a stolen van in a "mobile mortar launcher" in the area of Pomeroy and slipped through British forces' surveillance to the RUC barracks at Carrickmore. 16 August 1973: two IRA volunteers, Daniel McAnallen (aged 27) and Patrick Quinn (aged 18), were killed when a mortar prematurely exploded during an attack on Pomeroy British Army/RUC base. [54][55] Police in Manchester meanwhile worked to establish if the men were also responsible for the Manchester bomb.[54]. It originally adorned one of the buildings facing the parade square in the barracks. Each was tried and convicted of "conspiracy to cause explosions at National Grid electricity stations", and sentenced to 35years in jail. Amongst the dead were nine soldiers two from the Royal Artillery, three from the Royal Corps of Signals and four from the 2nd Battalion Royal Regiment of Fusiliers. [73] She was charged with fifteen separate offences consisting of twelve charges of murder relating to the fatalities of the M62 coach bombing, causing an explosion likely to endanger life and property with regards to this particular incident, and two separate, non-fatal IRA attacks at Euston railway station and the Latimer National Defence College committed in September 1973 and February 1974 respectively. 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