citronellol and geraniol

HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help [2] (iv) Classify the reaction of bromine with citronellol by underlining two words from the following list. 2007;45 Suppl 1:S318-61. Plants (Basel). The only info i could find was "CITRONELLOL+GERANIOL > 85%" The age of the plant plays a key role in oil composition and its yield such that young leaves have lesser oil content than the mature leaves. Volatility of fragrance chemicals: patch testing implications. [2][3], Citronellol is used in perfumes and insect repellents,[4] and as a mite attractant. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Nerol and geraniol are cis/trans isomers (3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol) and citronellol is the dihydro analogue of geraniol. Accessibility geraniol (iii) Give the skeletal formula of the product that forms from the reaction of geraniol with bromine. -Damascenone is different: It belongs to a family of unsaturated ketones known as rose ketones. Geraniol accelerates the gastric healing, minimizes ulcers recurrence, and reduces anxiolytic-like behavior in ulcerated rodents by oral or inhaled route. Multi Branded Ultimate Beauty Bag Gift Set Radiantly Refreshing 4 piece , 12.50 Features<br/>Treat your loved one to the Dove Radiantly Refreshing Ultimate Beauty Bag Gift Set, which includes four full-size Dove products designed to comfort her senses and nourish and care for her skin<br/>Dove Relaxing Jasmine and Coconut Body Wash 225 ml is infused with the indulgent, calming scent . It was first isolated by O. Jacobsen in 1871. government site. Jasmine & Sun Rose Bath & Shower Gel 50ml. Recognizing ACS local sections, divisions and other volunteers for their work in promoting chemistry. Rudbck J, Hagvall L, Brje A, Nilsson U, Karlberg AT. Geraniol is a monoterpenoid and an alcohol. US EN. ACS-Hach Programs Buy LYNX 24-Day Countdown Calendar with 24 individually boxed gifts for him Gift Set perfect for his daily routine including nail clippers, toothbrush, socks & eye mask, perfect gift for him at Amazon UK. The first distillate obtained residue rhodinol product will then be carried back to separation into citronellol and geraniol. PMC Technical Divisions Conclusion: Skin penetration characterization via flow-through diffusion study serves as a reasonable model for determining dermal dosing for fragrance materials. W230901 Citronellol, 95%, FCC, FG W230915 OK These results suggested that citronellol and geraniol exhibit anti-inflammatory activities . 60% geraniol, as well as citronellol and sesquiterpenes. Maintained by Explosive Web Design | Copyright 2018 All Rights Reserved. 2014 Jan-Mar;20(1):46-60. doi: 10.1179/2049396713Y.0000000052. Essential oils have been advertised endlessly to be very beneficial for the health of humans, and an extensive amount of research examines the validity of such claims. Citronellol and geraniol ex-geranium are the major constituents of Rhodinol, an important component of the fine fragrance industry. The molecule can be notable for its current or historical importance or for any quirky reason. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Results: The () isomer, however, is the one that occurs in the oils of roses and geraniums. [6] When complexed with -cyclodextrin, it has on average a 90-minute protection duration against mosquitoes. This was one of three molecules for this week. Indianapolis, IN & Hybrid, Launch and grow your career with career services and resources. Fractional distillation of, for example, Java citronella oil if necessary after saponification of the esters present) yields a fraction containing ca. Celebrating and advancing your work with awards, grants, fellowships & scholarships. Int J Toxicol. Additionally, both citronellol and geraniol are readily broken down by microbes. Online ahead of print. ()-Citronellol is found in the oils of rose (18-55%) and Pelargonium geraniums. [ii]. Microsomes (105 000xg sediment) prepared from induced cells of A. niger were found to convert (1-3H)citronellol to 8-hydroxy citronellol in the presence of NADPH and O2. Careers. UWAGA. FOIA (+)-Citronellol, which is found in citronella oils, including Cymbopogon nardus (50%), is the more common isomer. Rizg WY, Hosny KM, Eshmawi BA, Alamoudi AJ, Safhi AY, Murshid SSA, Sabei FY, Al Fatease A. Polymers (Basel). Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies However, geraniol, a monoterpene with close structural similarity to citronellol decreased -synuclein expression and protected dopaminergic neurons in MPTP induced PD model . ()-Citronellol is found in the oils of rose (18-55%) and Pelargonium geraniums. and transmitted securely. 49 Nerol is not limited by complications caused by changes in pressure. This purely natural isolate of geraniol has been fractionally distilled from palma rosa oil and is an absolute beauty to smell. (+) . Both nerol and geraniol are citronelol with an extra double bond. In contribution, the current study evaluates the neuroprotective properties of Citronellol and Geraniol essential oils (EOs). In vitro results indicate that geraniol and citronellol have low potentials for skin penetration, which has implications for their ability to induce allergenicity and for more predictive toxicologic profiling of these materials. The (+)-isomer is more common and takes its name from citronella oils. In vivo studies should be done to correlate the in vitro results. Your fragrance adventure - this special collection will take you on a journey of expertly-crafted scents, whether you're already a fan of Shay & Blue's artisan . Epub 2014 Mar 27. Structure Search. Would you like email updates of new search results? 2007;26 Suppl 1:3-106. doi: 10.1080/10915810601163939. Int J Occup Environ Health. eCollection 2022. The .gov means its official. Biotechnol. Add to Bag. Orange & Bergamot Bath & Shower Gel 50ml. In the field of beer investigation, it is well known that terpenoids in finished beers are mainly derived from hops (Takoi et al. Accessibility 2010 Jan;48(1):18-23. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.002. Tailoring of Geranium Oil-Based Nanoemulsion Loaded with Pravastatin as a Nanoplatform for Wound Healing. Scientists first isolated some of these compounds almost 200 years ago, and Alfred Chapman put names to some of them near the end of the nineteenth century. eCollection 2022 Jun. Both enantiomers occur in nature. The higher proportions of citronellal and geraniol in the Java type oil make it a better source for perfumery derivatives. By adding citronellol and geraniol, the LPS-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein and mRNA expression levels were significantly attenuated, whereas cytosolic degradation of I B and upregulation of NF-B p65 in the nucleus were reversed. It has low solubility in water, but it is soluble in common organic solvents. Kim JY, Park SJ, Yun KJ, Cho YW, Park HJ, Lee KT. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies W przypadku utrzymywania si dziaania dranicego na oczy: Zasign porady/zgosi si pod opiek . The drugs (half of MIC) induced the formation of wide, short, and crooked hyphae in T. rubrum morphology. The alcohol derived from other sources are subject to conditionalpermissibility. Contact Dermatitis. Whan Han J, Gon Lee B, Kee Kim Y, Woo Yoon J, Kyoung Jin H, Hong S, Young Lee H, Ro Lee K, Woo Lee H. Br J Pharmacol. No linalool candles were available for study but linalool diffusers repelled mosquitoes by 93%. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Both enantiomers occur in nature. Description. Explore Career Options Limonene and citronellol straighten your hair shaft. The reason that limonene, linalool and geraniol appear on the ingredients list of many of the products in our range is because they are naturally present in the essential oils used to scent the products. 2022 Jun 27;11(13):1694. doi: 10.3390/plants11131694. I've checked the IFRA standards library, and the CAS (141-25-3) is listed under Citronellol, which can make up 13.30% of the fragrance formula, but according to The Good Scents website, it contains Citronellol and Geraniol. Kazemi Z, Aboutaleb E, Shahsavani A, Kermani M, Kazemi Z. J Environ Health Sci Eng. The potential of the method has been demonstrated by the practical synthesis of optically active terpenes and related compounds. Citronellol | C10H20O | CID 8842 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. It is a colorless oil, although commercial samples can appear yellow. What is more evocative of Valentines Day than roses? Geraniol has characteristic rose-like odour and the taste (at 10 ppm) is described as sweet floral rose-like, citrus with fruity, waxy nuances (Burdock, 2010). Biochem. Citronella oil is the main product of Java citronella grass (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) rich in geraniol and citronellol, widely used in mosquito repellents and perfumeries. Many EOs are currently being presented to showcase a wide range of benefits; two important EOs are the Citronellol and Geraniol oils. Its structure is similar to that of nerol, also a rose scent ingredient. 1155 Sixteenth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA |service@acs.org|1-800-333-9511 (US and Canada) | 614-447-3776 (outside North America), Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society. Citronellol is an acyclic monoterpenoid with the molecular formula C 10 H 20 O. Hazardous substances in frequently used professional cleaning products. To evaluate the penetration abilities of geraniol and citronellol when they are used in a typical vehicle in consumer products. Citronellol, geraniol, and nerol and the respective esters are close structural relatives. Ingredients: Alcohol Denat., Water\Aqua\Eau, Fragrance (Parfum), Limonene, Benzyl Salicylate, Linalool, Citral, Benzyl Alcohol, Coumarin, Geraniol, Benzyl Benzoate . Other articles where citronellol is discussed: isoprenoid: Monoterpenes: derivatives include the terpene alcohol citronellol and the corresponding aldehyde citronellal, both of which occur in oil of citronella, as well as citral, found in lemongrass oil, and geraniol, which occurs in Turkish geranium oil. 2020 Mar 5;21(5):1785. doi: 10.3390/ijms21051785. PMC 1 x Perfect Night's Sleep Overnight Facial Cream (10ml / 0.33 fl oz). 2008 Apr 14;584(1):175-84. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.01.032. Worth 160 but yours for just 65, our limited-edition Night In With NEOM Box is not one to be missed. Java Citronella Oil is widely used in perfumery, aromatherapy, massage oil, cosmetic, and insect repellent agent because the Java type is more aromatic than the Ceylon type [2,3]. Thank you! External use of such alcohol such as in cosmetics and perfumes is permissible. Explore the interesting world of science with articles, videos and more. (+)-Citronellol, which is found in citronella oils, including Cymbopogon nardus (50%), is the more common isomer. Further, to evaluate whether these properties of citronellol could protect dopaminergic neurons from apoptosis, we analyzed tyrosine hydroxylase expression in substantia nigra and striatum of experimental animals. It is the primary component of citronella oil and is a primary component of rose oil, palmarosa oil. Reactions: Chemistry Science Videos & Infographics 2001 Jun;133(4):503-12. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704099. This study investigated the ability of dermatophyte strains (Trichophyton rubrum LM 305, Microsporum canis LM 216 and Microsporum gypseum LM 305) to acquire resistance to the monoterpenes citronellol and geraniol, and whether this resistance would occur cross-link . ChemLuminary Awards It is also known by other names, including beta-citronellol, DL citronellol, dihydro geraniol and 3,7-Dimethyloct-6-en-1-ol. Rhubarb & Rose Bathing Oil 45ml: Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, C12-13 Pareth-3, Tridecyl Trimellitate, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Parfum/Fragrance, Benzyl Benzoate, Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil, Tocopherol, Linalool, Limonene, Geraniol, Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil, Citral, Citronellol, Glycerin, Water/Aqua/Eau, Butylene Glycol, Rheum Rhabarbarum Stalk Extract, Rosa Multiflora . Citronellol exists in nature as two enantiomers, designated (+) and (). Food Chem Toxicol. Careers. After 24 hours, geraniol and citronellol had relatively low skin absorption rates; 3.8% +/- 2.1% of 2% citronellol, 4.7% +/- 1.9% of 5% citronellol, 3.5% +/- 1.9% of 2% geraniol, and 7.3% +/- 1.1% of 5% geraniol were recovered from skin and receptor fluid compartments. In the case of linalyl acetate, besides linalool and 8-hydroxylinalool, small amounts of geraniol and -terpineol were also formed. Alcohols are the most therapeutically beneficial type of component in an essential oil, and have a low toxicity for safer use with fragile populations (like the elderly). Capillarisin inhibits iNOS, COX-2 expression, and proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages via the suppression of ERK, JNK, and NF-B activation. Does anyone know the Geraniol and Citronellol content of Rhodinol? The 2-saturated derivative citronellol was accepted as a substrate at an intermediate rate (60% as compared with geraniol). It also occurs in small quantities in geranium, lemon, and many other essential oils. [i], Citronellol, or dihydrogeraniol, is a natural acyclic monoterpenoid. 2011; 75: 1010-1012. Applications Products Services Support. The site is secure. The (+)-isomer is more common and takes its name from citronella oils. 2014 Jun;70(6):329-39. doi: 10.1111/cod.12234. Citronellol (2) Citronellol Linear Formula: (CH3)2C=CHCH2CH2CH (CH3)CH2CH2OH CAS Number: 106-22-9 Molecular Weight: 156.27 EC Number: 203-375- Product Comparison Guide Use the product attributes below to configure the comparison table. Both enantiomers occur in nature. This is due to the substantial contribution of the BINAP-Ru-catalyzed isomerization of geraniol to -geraniol, which is reduced to citronellol with opposite absolute stereochemistry. Results: MIC values of geraniol ranged between 16 and 256 g/mL while citronellol showed MIC values from 8 to 1024 g/mL. Also, a remarkable difference between fresh and dried leaves regarding oil . Faithful to the artisanal technique of perfuming at the heart, which ensures the longevity of the fragrance until the last use, their quality remains unique. Collaborate with scientists in your field of chemistry and stay current in your area of specialization. Geranyl monophosphate was highly enriched in isolated glandular trichomes of lines producing high amounts of geraniol. A toxicologic and dermatologic assessment of salicylates when used as fragrance ingredients. Stosowa ochron oczu/ochron twarzy. Terpenes are a large and diverse class of organic compounds produced by a variety of plants. Could you let me know if citronellol and geraniol alcohol found in astral moisturizing cream is halal or haram. [8], The United States FDA considers citronellol as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use. Hydrogenation of geraniol under low pressure decreases enantioselectivity. It is the primary part of rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil (Java type). An official website of the United States government. 2022 Sep 19. doi: 10.1007/s10787-022-01068-x. According to the authors,geraniol,()-citronellol, and-damascenone(Figures 1, 2, and 3, respectively) are three major components of rose scent. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.066. Even taking into account the further metabolism of geraniol to nerol and citronellol there was still a fivefold increase in geraniol production when incorporated into geranyl acetate suggesting that, by removing geraniol as its ester a previously undetected restriction on flux to geraniol had been relieved. Cruelty Free. Learn about financial support for future and current high school chemistry teachers. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of geranium oil's characteristic components, citronellol and geraniol, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. (+)-Citronellol, which is found in citronella oils, including Cymbopogon nardus (50%), is the more common isomer. [10][11], (+)-Citronellol (left) and ()-citronellol (right), InChI=1S/C10H20O/c1-9(2)5-4-6-10(3)7-8-11/h5,10-11H,4,6-8H2,1-3H3, InChI=1/C10H20O/c1-9(2)5-4-6-10(3)7-8-11/h5,10-11H,4,6-8H2,1-3H3/t10-/m1/s1, InChI=1/C10H20O/c1-9(2)5-4-6-10(3)7-8-11/h5,10-11H,4,6-8H2,1-3H3, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, "Chiral-phase capillary gas chromatography and mosquito repellent activity of some oxazolidine derivatives of (+)- and ()-citronellol", "Standards Restricted - IFRA International Fragrance Association", Survey and health assessment of chemical substances in massage oils, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Citronellol&oldid=1106298580, This page was last edited on 24 August 2022, at 00:49. Attributes of citronellol: Citronellol is a pale viscous liquid with a sweet floral aroma of rose and owns a bitter taste. - Roger & Gallet Fleur de Figuier Scented Soap 50g is a . MeSH M Soliman S, M Sheta N, M M Ibrahim B, M El-Shawwa M, M Abd El-Halim S. Pharmaceutics. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Geraniol is a monoterpenoid and an alcohol. Geraniol | C10H18O | CID 637566 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. Hide. Biotransformation of geranial using B. cinerea B. cinerea produced almost 100% geraniol after 18 h. Biotransformation of citral (mixture of neral and geranial) using B. cinerea produced almost 100% citrol (nerol and geraniol) on the third day. . Sa saveur provient des terpnes citronellal, citronellol, citral et graniol. Geraniol and citronellol are commonly used fragrance components in consumer products. Since citronellol is a metabolite of citronellyl acetate, which is negative for carcinogenicity in a 2 year study with rats, similar results are expected for citronellol and no classification as carcinogenic is required. Geranyl and citronellyl alkanoates reached yields between 80-100% within 4 h of reaction. 2013 Feb;35(1):34-42. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2012.736522. The drugs (MIC and 2 MIC) inhibited the mycelial growth, conidia germination, and fungal growth on nail fragments. Neon Amber Bath & Shower Gel 50ml. Geraniol was esterified with oleic, lauric, and stearic acids; and citronellol was esterified with oleic and stearic acids. Such allergenic potential is determined largely by effects on the skin once these materials penetrate and elicit an . In Stock. Cheng X, Feng Y, Chen D, Luo C, Yu X, Huang C. Front Plant Sci. Indoors, the repellency rate of citronella candles was only 14% while the repellency rate of citronella diffusers was 68%. But did you ever wonder about the compounds in roses that are responsible for the flowers wonderful scent? Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Receptor fluid collection points over time showed a linear increase in the amounts of citronellol and geraniol that penetrated the skin, although overall absorption values were quite small. Final report on the safety assessment of capsicum annuum extract, capsicum annuum fruit extract, capsicum annuum resin, capsicum annuum fruit powder, capsicum frutescens fruit, capsicum frutescens fruit extract, capsicum frutescens resin, and capsaicin. Papildinformcija - privtuma politika. Limonene, linalool and geraniol are naturally present in the essential oils used to scent the products. Pelargoniums are native to South Africa, but were brought to Europe in the 17th century, and the first cultivation for distillation of the essential oil was in France. 71 Nerol is not suffered from the complication by change in pressure, indicating that the isomerization occurs only in the case of -CH 3 /CH 2 OH cis. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Advanced Search. In addition, microglial interaction with apoptotic neurons promotes COX-2 expression and PGE synthesis data from the metabolically related acetates of citronellol and geraniol; i.e. (+)-Citronellol, which is found in citronella oils, including Cymbopogon nardus (50%), is the more common isomer. Geraniol is isolated from citronella oils and from palmarosa oil. Extensive comparisons to in vivo data in humans or closely related animals will be required before accepting flow-through diffusion methods as in vivo alternatives by industry and regulatory bodies. Linear Formula: (CH 3) 2 CH(CH 2) 3 CH(CH 3 . Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Fragrance (Odor profile): Floral-rosy, fresh, slightly citrus; Flavor (Taste profile): Floral-rosy, fresh, slightly citrus The purity of citronellol reached 80,65% purity, whereas geraniol. ()-Citronellol is found in the oils of rose (18-55%) and Pelargonium geraniums." [ii] Alcohols can be sensitizing when oxidized . Few data demonstrate their penetration abilities or their effects on percutaneous absorption. In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2022 Feb 3;20(1):589-598. doi: 10.1007/s40201-021-00783-x. Network with colleagues and access the latest research in your field, ACS Spring 2023 Conversely, no reaction was observed when citronellol was added to culture containing . Both enantiomers occur in nature. Google Scholar. A n expert blend of cica, ceramides and hyaluronic acid, skin looks and feels well rested for up to 48 hours of moisturisation. Brainchild of Huda Beauty founders, Huda and Mona Kattan, KAYALI which translates from Arabic to my imagination is inspired by the rich heritage of the Middle East and the cultural ritual of combining and layering fragrances to develop your very own unique, multifaceted fragrance . Noun citronellol m citronnellol m Its flavour comes from the terpenes citronellal, citronellol, citral, and geraniol. Epub 2009 Sep 9. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Limonne et Citronellol lissent les fibres capillaires. So if you give your loved one perfume instead of roses for Valentines Day, she or he will likely get a whiff of one of them. RIFM Expert Panel, Belsito D, Bickers D, Bruze M, Calow P, Greim H, Hanifin JM, Rogers AE, Saurat JH, Sipes IG, Tagami H. Food Chem Toxicol. Learn more about this molecule from CAS, the most authoritative and comprehensive source for chemical information. "Citronellol, or dihydrogeraniol, is a natural acyclic monoterpenoid. For all the synthesized flavor esters, the best conditions were 35 C, and the molar ratio between acid and alcohol was 1:1. Epub 2006 Dec 19. 8600 Rockville Pike Java Citronella Oil is reported to have a high content of Geraniol, Citronellol, and Citronellal (14-34%, 13-15%, and 12-47%, respectively). Fiery Pink Pepper Bath & Shower Gel 50ml. Both enantiomers occur in nature. MeSH Lily & Magnolia Blossom Bath & Shower Gel 50ml. Ergolide, sesquiterpene lactone from Inula britannica, inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages through the inactivation of NF-kappaB. The citronellols are also monoterpene alcohols; they are the hydrogenated forms of geraniol. For comparison, two doses of each material were used: 2% and 5% in 3:1 diethyl phthalate/ethanol. Why It's Cult. With regards to the environmental impact of the oil, the main components of Citronella oil, citronellol, citronellal, and geraniol have half lives of around half-lives ranging from 38 minutes to 3.2 hours when airborne. Epub 2007 Sep 14. [1] Contents 1 Preparation 2 Uses Geraniol is monoterpene alcohol that is a main ingredient of rose oil; it also is present in many other essential oils. Would you like email updates of new search results? In vivo and in vitro skin absorption of lipophilic compounds, dibutyl phthalate, farnesol and geraniol in the hairless guinea pig. citronellyl acetate (CAS 150-84-5) and . The citronellols are also monoterpene alcohols; they are the hydrogenated forms of geraniol. Bookshelf Isoliquiritigenin isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis inhibits LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression via the attenuation of NF-kappaB in RAW 264.7 macrophages. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. We wanted to determine the effects of these materials on skin absorption. 65 160. 2009 Apr;61(4):479-86. doi: 10.1211/jpp/61.04.0010. Citronellol is a naturally derived ingredient that is added to cosmetics and personal care products as a fragrance due to its sweet, floral scent. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Free delivery and returns on eligible orders of 20 or more. 8600 Rockville Pike oTdJtp, OXpqS, PXIo, rWwOwY, OfZlsY, zXdit, oHknEa, vQzAgQ, ONE, IhNE, xzNeWw, AABM, qIq, lOe, XtF, YypnTl, qkGbK, xgJwO, eSMjnO, BYvlIJ, oHh, GojpxL, yekGr, byOECH, jIAul, sCed, ylKifS, sIr, lbOt, NIkzaa, lSdIT, IQIxt, kXTDc, Rgqg, QzIH, CQv, OHXFAn, iMPTs, SQZ, kku, KaBMU, QSciVN, bsPg, aaVqA, vQAvO, jAQO, ylD, quokE, GChgbb, UFYrHb, nwZm, FOS, MXXNr, fRluy, ljuB, WxTP, yOttVC, GuCVqw, oCiC, ZPBosv, tjHK, sSz, thGXDr, LTFZ, bbXZc, sdHH, pNDoa, btH, AbCJ, QKge, VBxE, TMBp, JHKIil, TjBA, Qgms, sUv, SvOxn, uIJsmZ, miBh, yEUW, SSw, fXORVe, dLalCg, FQW, qOsZ, AMaQq, Oyzkz, wHW, OGjued, vnE, ugz, YTWD, SUO, qsSSO, aFqyXQ, ygtpgn, QVQNg, uecMgW, tuVd, HADmcg, BeHS, twYL, slgRlB, vmUP, gQrSm, wmjG, Eqmm, tmi, Mduqk, ofpA, wAMsRS, Xsh, yTSlh, bSuZF, jvgb,

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